ICT Innovation and ITU Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU International Telecommunication Union ICT Innovation and ITU At the 10th China Beijing International High Tech Expo International Forum on China High-Tech Development Beijing, 25 May 2007 Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU

Evolution of telecommunication systems Telecommunication system development 1837: Invention of telegraph 1876: Bell patent his telephone invention 1895: First radio relay system 1902: First radio transmissions of the human voice 1920: Sound-broadcasting by Marconi company 1957: First satellite 1963: First telecommunications satellite Telephone switching systems 1935-1950: Cross-bar 1950-1960: Research electronic switching 1960: Software production 1965-1975: 1st generation, space-division SPC 1970-1985: Time-division digital centralized SPC 1980-: Time-division digital distributed SPC Evolution of telecommunication systems

Evolution of computer technologies Electronic computer generations 1945: 1st generation, with tubes 1958: 2nd generation, with transistors 1963: 3rd generation, with integrated circuits 1975: 4th generation, with microprocessors 1990s: 5th generation, with artificial intelligence Semi-conductor / solid state components generations 1950: Transistors 1970: Integrated circuits 1975: LSI (Large Scale Integration) 1980: VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Evolution of computer technologies

Telecommunications technology evolution Telegraph: Morse Code  telegraph  telex (wireless) (wired + wireless) Telephone: analogue  digital  IP Telephony Network Switch: manual, automatic (mechanic), SPC (circuit switch, packet switch), ISDN/B-ISDN, TMN, NGN Data: PSS, connectionless, internet Transmission: cable, submarine cable, optical fibre, microwave, radio; broadband, PCM, DSL, LAN, DWDM, CWDM, TDM, SDH, FR, ADPCM, OTN, PON, GPON Coding: Voice coding, fax coding, still image coding, moving image coding (MPEG) TV: black and white, colour, high definition TV, digital TV, Cable TV, IPTV Mobile/cellular: analogue, digital (GSM, CDMA), IMT-2000 (3G), Mobile TV Radio: SOS, VHF/UHF, LF/MF broadcasting, satellite, space communications Languages: CHILL, TTCN, ASN.1, etc. Other areas: QoS, security, numbering and addressing, tariff and accounting, etc. New topics: LAN, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMax, ENUM, IPv6, Universal access, Multilingual internet Home networking , IPTV, RFID also Spam, virus, phishing, hackers, … Telecommunications technology evolution

Economic growth is highly influenced The average annual economic growth in Germany between 1960 and 1990 was 3,3 %. By DIN Standards 27,3 % Capital 48,5 % Licenses 15,2 % Patents 3,0 % Labour 6,0 % Economic growth is highly influenced by standards

ITU Landmarks 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph 1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore 17 May 1865 Foundation of the “International Telegraph Union” with the adoption of the “First International Telegraph Convention” Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone 1906 First “International Radiotelegraph Convention” signed 1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) 1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) 1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) 1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations 1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) 1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks

China in ITU China joined ITU in 1920 People’s Republic of China resumed its rights in ITU as of May 1972 Ministry of Information Industry is a recognized Chinese Administration in ITU China is a member of ITU Council (46 members) 7 Sector Members including: Alcatel Shanghai Bell, China Mobile, China Netcom, China Telecom, China Unicom, Huawei and ZTE are ITU Sector Members 6 Sector Members from Hong Kong, 3 from Macao Chinese Universities: BUPT; NUPT; XUPT; Zhejiang University; Tsing Hua University, etc… Mr. Houlin Zhao, Director of TSB since 1999 and Deputy Secretary-General since January 2007 China in ITU

Chinese experts in ITU Phase I – 1973-1980s: Learning period Learning, observing, collecting information; very few contributions A few experts nominated as Vice-Chairmen of SGs in 1980s Phase II – 1990s: Transition period More contributions, more delegates (individuals often changed) One expert was nominated as Chairman of SG 12 in 1996 Mr. Zhao was elected as Director of TSB in 1998 Phase III – 2000: Active period Chinese nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-T SG 4 at WTSA-2000, Montreal, Canada TD-SCDMA accepted as one IMT-2000 technology in ITU-R Recommendations in 2000 IP over SDH (Rec. X.85) approved in 2000, Geneva, Switzerland Chinese expert nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-R SG 1, Istanbul, Turkey Mr. Zhao re-elected in 2002 China elected as Vice-Chairman of WTSA-04, Florianópolis, Brazil Five Chinese experts were nominated as Vice-Chairmen of various ITU-T SGs at WTSA-04 More substantial contributions; more delegates (Chinese delegations become No. 1 from Asia, and often No. 2 after the US delegations; Huawei, ZTE, China Telecom, etc. very active) CCSA, AVS and another forum in China established a status with ITU-T under ITU-T Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 Phase IV: Among leaders? Chinese experts in ITU

Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times” - World’s most respected companies (50): Microsoft (1), IBM (5), Siemens (10), Dell (11), Sony Ericsson (18), Nokia (25), Cisco (30), Samsung (32) - World’s most respected business leaders (50): Zhang Ruimin, Haier (26) - Best for shareholder value (10): Microsoft (1), IBM (9) - Best turnaround (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (5), Samsung (9) - Best for customer service (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (4) - Best for innovations (10) nominated by CEOs: Microsoft (1), Sony Ericsson (5), IBM (6), Nokia (9), Samsung (10) - Best for innovations (10) nominated by fund managers: Microsoft (1), Nokia (10) Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times” 18 November 2005

See you in ITU, Geneva Thank you Houlin Zhao ITU Deputy Secretary-General dsg@itu.int Tel: +41 22 730 5595 Fax: +41 22 730 5137