How safe is the port access technique in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting? Selami Dogan, MD, Kai Graubitz, MD, Tayfun Aybek, MD, Mohammad Fawad Khan, MD, Paul Kessler, MD, PhD, Anton Moritz, MD, PhD, Gerhard Wimmer-Greinecker, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 74, Issue 5, Pages 1537-1543 (November 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03947-4
Fig 1 Creatine kinase concentration graph. Sampling time: 1 = before induction of anesthesia; 2 = after induction of anesthesia; 3 = after onset of cardiopulmonary bypass; 4 = immediately before release of the aortic cross-clamp. Squares = minimally invasive group; X = conventional group. p < 0.0001. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1537-1543DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03947-4)
Fig 2 Myoglobin graph. Sampling times: 1 = before induction of anesthesia; 2 = after induction of anesthesia; 3 = after onset of cardiopulmonary bypass; 4 = immediately before release of the aortic cross-clamp; 5 = 5 minutes after release of the aortic cross-clamp; 6 = 1 hour after surgery; 7 = 24 hours after surgery; 8 = 5 days after surgery. Squares = minimally invasive group; X = conventional group. p < 0.0001. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1537-1543DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03947-4)
Fig 3 Protein S-100B graph. Sampling times: 1 = before induction of anesthesia; 2 = after induction of anesthesia; 3 = after onset of cardiopulmonary bypass; 4 = immediately before release of the aortic cross-clamp; 5 = 5 minutes after release of the aortic cross-clamp; 6 = 1 hour after surgery; 7 = 24 hours after surgery; 8 = 5 days after surgery. Squares = minimally invasive group; X = conventional group. p < 0.0001. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1537-1543DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03947-4)
Fig 4 Neuron specific enolase graph. Sampling times: 1 = before induction of anesthesia; 2 = after induction of anesthesia; 3 = after onset of cardiopulmonary bypass; 4 = immediately before release of the aortic cross-clamp; 5 = 5 minutes after release of the aortic cross-clamp; 6 = 1 hour after surgery; 7 = 24 hours after surgery. Squares = minimally invasive group; X = conventional group. p = NS. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 1537-1543DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03947-4)