Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasmas Section 4.1

Introduction States of matter - the different forms in which matter can exist. Example: Water (H2O) Solid – Ice (H2O) Liquid – water (H2O) Gas – water vapor (H2O)

SOLIDS definite shape, definite volume particles tightly packed movement limited to vibration

LIQUIDS definite volume, no definite shape particles close, but flow around each other (fluid) no set particle pattern

Properties of Liquids Surface tension – a force that pulls particles at the exposed surface toward other liquid particles. Example: water forms droplets Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow Example: honey vs. vinegar

GAS indefinite shape and volume both change to fill container (fluid) compressible because of space between particles greatest kinetic energy of 3 phases

Solids, Liquids, Gases http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htm

Plasmas Plasma – a state of matter that resembles a gas but has certain properties that a gas does not have. Lacks fixed volume and shape Can conduct electricity and respond to magnetism Contains ions Glows with light Examples: sun and stars, lightning and auroras

Plasma https://youtu.be/VkeSI_B5Ljc

Energy and Matter Energy – the ability to cause changes in matter Kinetic energy – energy of moving matter http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/energy-and-matter.htm

KINETIC THEORY Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is composed of tiny particles in constant motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the motion.  The state of matter changes as temperature changes Solid  Liquid  Gas K.E. increases 

Kinetic Theory of Matter