The ATRs, ATMs, and TORs Are Giant HEAT Repeat Proteins

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The ATRs, ATMs, and TORs Are Giant HEAT Repeat Proteins Jason Perry, Nancy Kleckner Cell Volume 112, Issue 2, Pages 151-155 (January 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00033-3

Figure 1 HEAT Repeat Identification Strategy (A) General structure of a HEAT repeat unit. XL, external or interunit loop; IL, intraunit loop; H, helix. (B) HNN 2° structure results. TOR1 and MEC1 are the S. cerevisiae homologs of mTOR and ATR, respectively. HEAT repeats were first identified in the N-terminal half of TOR1 (Andrade and Bork, 1995). Blue is α-helical, red is a mixture of extended strand and random coil structure. (C) A structure based consensus sequence for identifying HEAT repeats (text). (D) A strategy for using multiple sequence alignments to determine the location of highly divergent HEAT repeat units. Cell 2003 112, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00033-3)

Figure 2 Analysis of ATRs, ATMs, and TORs (A) HEAT repeat arrays of members of the ATR, ATM, and TOR PIK-like subfamilies. (B) ATRs versus ATMs and TORs. The alignment of the HEAT repeat arrays of the three human proteins is shown. Note that at the unit level, ATR appears to be an evolutionary intermediate between ATM and mTOR. Cell 2003 112, 151-155DOI: (10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00033-3)