Engineering Technical Writing Lecture Formal report

Contents Basic Page Layout. Preliminary Pages. Text Pages. Back Mater.

Basic Page Layout Margins Line Spacing Font Types Font Size Font Style Line Spacing for Equations Font Types Font Size Font Style Page Number

1. Margins Left and right 2.5 cm Top and bottom 3.5 cm

2. Line Spacing Single space the text. Single space: table/figure caption Allow additional space above and below the equation to separate it from the text.

3. Font Types Use proportional font -- Arial, Times New Roman, Courier New, … -- must use at least 12-point font. Fixed fonts -- Courier, … -- use 10 (10 character per inch).

4. Font Size Text must be a minimum of 12-point. Fonts 10-point not acceptable for body of report. Fonts 8-,9-,or 10-point may be used for tables and appendix to accommodate the margins

5. Font Style Any standard office font style is acceptable -- not script, italic, bold, characters with slant or different sizes. Italic fonts may be used when appropriate. Times Roman -- uses 13-point size. Font size and style are the same for text and page number.

6. Page Number Pages should be numbered consecutively, with numbers located in the upper right, lower right, or lower middle of the page. The Introduction should begin with 1. Before Introduction, use Roman numerals.

Components in Formal Reports Generally appear in formal reports:

Front matter Front cover Title page Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations

Title Page Title of document Your name Degree title - Course title Major Subject University name, city, Date (month, year) Assign numeral i, but does not appear Back of title page is empty

Table of Contents Type TABLE OF CONTENTS List items followed with dotes and page number List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations and so on Don’t list anything before the Table of Contents

Table of Contents Continue Include all chapter heads-upper case Subheads as they appear in chapter. Generally no more than three levels of heads are used. If heads in any levels is listed, all headings of that levels must be listed. The Bibliography

List of Tables (Figures, Abbreviations) List each one on a separate page with each table followed by dots and page number at the right margin. Double space between each caption but single space captions longer than one line. Number all tables/figures consecutively

Text Pages Introduction. Materials and methods. Results and discussion. Conclusion

Text Pages Continue Must be divided into chapters which could be sub divided and listed in the Table of Contents. Use just boldface, just italic, or just underline any heading. Single space all heading. Each new chapter must start on a new page. Avoid having a heading as the last line of text on a page.

I. Introduction First paragraph should capture reader’s attention. Should include Statement of the problem Motivations Complete description of the project. Mentioning each part of the report

II. Materials & Methods Literature Review. Theoretical Derivations. State your assumptions clearly. Step-by-step derivation. Figures may be necessary. Summary of the approach taken. Software simulation, hand calculation, design and implementation, programming, or analytical derivations.

III. Results & Discussion Analysis of plots, charts and figures where each should be mentioned and discussed. Explanation of the results The punch line How did it turn out? Was it as expected? Do you understand the significant of the results? The reader should know exactly what happened and why.

IV. Conclusion Tie together any loose ends. Summarize the whole report. Should include restatement of the problem restatement of the goals restatement of the approach taken restatement of the results & their relevance future works, extrapolation and possible applications for technology

Reference should include author title of work title of journal or text volume number date page number publisher publisher’s city

Title page example Islamic University of Gaza Gaza, Gaza Strip TITLE OF THE PROJECT BY YOUR NAME Specialization in: Electrical Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza, Gaza Strip July 2016

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ………..……………………….……………..…….…………1 1.2 Literature Review …………………….……………………….……..3 1.3 Outline of This report……………….……………………………….5 2. CLASSICAL CONTROL SYSTEM.…..……………………………………...8 2.1 Background ..…..………..…………………….……..………,..……8 2.2 Controller Design…………………………………….……….……….9 2.3 Proportional-Integral-Derivative ….………………………..11 3. DESIGNING PID CONTROLLER FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEM..14 3.1 Introduction ..………………………………………….……………….14 3.2 Inverted Pendulum Problem ..………………………………….15 3.3 Nonlinear case ..…..………….………………………………………17 3.4 linearization case….…………..………………..……………………19 4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH …….………………………………..25 REFERENCES ………………………………………………..……………………….….…..26

LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Inverted Pendulum Parameter Values ……………21 Table 5.1 Inverted Pendulum Equations …….………..………..53 Table 5.2 Inverted Pendulum Parameter Values ……....…..54 Table 5.3 Fuzzy Associative Memory (FAM) ………….…..…..59 Table 5.4 Set of Input-Output Data for First Rule …….……70 Table 5.5 Finding Parameters of First Rule Using Least Square Method ………………………………………..….….70 Table 5.6 The Eigenvalues of Sugeno Fuzzy Control Using State Variable Feedback ……..……………….……...85

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Closed-Loop Controller …………………………..…………………………….…….…..8 Figure 2.2 A PID Controller ……………………………………………...…………………….…....…12 Figure 3.1 PID Controller for Inverted Pendulum ………………..…..…………..….…..18 Figure 3.2 The Cart Position of the Inverted Pendulum (Nonlinear Case) ….….18 Figure 3.3 The Position of the Inverted Pendulum (Nonlinear Case)……………….19 Figure 3.4 The Cart Position of the Inverted Pendulum (Linearized Case) …..22 Figure 3.5 The Position of the Inverted Pendulum (Linearize Case)………………..23 Figure 4.1 The Venn diagram of a fuzzy set ……………………….….………………….…..27 Figure 4.2 Intersection of fuzzy sets A and B …………………………………………..……29 Figure 4.3 Union of fuzzy sets A and B …………………………..………………………..…...29 Figure 4.4 Complement of fuzzy set A ……………………………..………………………....30 Figure 4.5 A bell-shaped membership function ………….. …………………….....…..31

GLOSSARY

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This is a Section Heading This is a sentence to take up space and look like text. This is a sentence to take up space [1]. This is a sentence to take up space and look like text. 1.1.1 This is a Subsection Heading This is a sentence to take up space and look like text. This is a sentence to take up space [2]. This is a sentence to take up space and look like text.

REFERENCES