6-1 Parte 7 Comunicação

6-2 Bibliografia [1] Miles J. Murdocca e Vincent P. Heuring, Introdução à Arquitetura de Computadores [2] Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks

6-3 Modem Communication Communication over a telephone line with modems: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-4 Modulation Schemes Three common forms of modulation: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-5 Pulse Code Modulation Conversion of an analog signal into a PCM binary sequence: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-6 Ideal vs. Transmitted Waves Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-7 Transmission Media Transmisson media. (a) Two- wire open lines; (b) twisted-pair lines; (c) coaxial cable; (d) optical fiber; (e)satellites. Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-8 The Seven Layers of the OSI Model Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-9 A Few Network Topologies (a) Bus; (b) ring; and (c) star network topologies. Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-10 Parity Even parity bits are assigned to a few ASCII characters: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-11 Check Bits Check bits for a single error correcting ASCII code: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-12 SEC coded a Format for a single error correcting ASCII code: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-13 SEC Coded d Parity computation for an ASCII character in an SEC code: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

Bit SEC Hypercube Hamming distance relationships among three-bit codewords. Valid codewords are 000 and 111. The remaining codewords represent errors. Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-15 LRC and VRC Checking Combined LRC and VRC checking. Checksum bits form even parity for each column. Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-16 Cyclic Redundancy Checking Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-17 Internet Protocol Stack Estrutura em camadas da pilha TCP/IP: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-18 Classes de Endereços IPv4 Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-19 Encapsulação Encapsulamento na pilha TCP/IP: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-20 Hub x Roteador x Switch Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-21 Self-Routing Switch A 4 4 self-routing switch based on the bubblesort algorithm: Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-22 TDM vs. ATM (a) Time division multiplexing vs. (b) asynchronous transfer mode. Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-23 Formato da Célula ATM (a) User-to-network interface (UNI) format; and (b) network-to- network interface (NNI) format. Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring

6-24 Uma Rede ATM Simples Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring