The Era of Good Feelings Gives Way to Sectional Conflict Ch 10.3

Vocabulary Sectionalism 2. internal improvements: 3. American System: : loyalty to a region, above loyalty to the nation as a whole Sectionalism 2. internal improvements: 3. American System: 4. : Disarmament: 5. demilitarize: 6. court-martial: federal projects such as canals and roads to develop the nation’s transportation system policies by Henry Clay to stimulate the growth of industry to help America become self-sufficient Removal of weapons To remove armed forces from an area Trial held in a military court

The Era of Good Feelings 1. The absence of major political divisions after the War of 1812 helped forge a sense of __________________. James Monroe, the _________________________, faced almost no opposition. The __________________barely existed as a national party. Monroe won with an overwhelming margin. Crushed it. National unity Republican Candidate Federalists © http://www.biography.com/people/james-monroe-9412098

Federalists are gone, but their ideas return… 2. What Federalist programs did the Presidents James Madison, James Monroe and other Republicans support?   3. Political differences seemed to fade away and these years became known as the ____________________________ Tariffs to protect industry from foreign competition National bank to store money and make loans to business Era of Good Feelings I feel good…. I knew that I would… . © http://henryclay.org/?page_id=2220 © http://www.biography.com/people/john-c-calhoun-37250

Sectionalism Grows What sections were in conflict? Why? North vs. South vs. West – differences in economy led to differences in politics New England knows what the country needs. No, the West does! You’re both wrong. The South is right.

5. 4 issues that created sectional conflict in this time period: 6. Southerners stressed the importance of _________________. Sectional Conflict internal improvements would cost gov’t money  lead to more taxes  higher tariffs slavery tariffs national bank States’ rights We have more power than you do!

John C. Calhoun South Carolina 7. Describe John C. Calhoun – 8. Calhoun emerged as one of the chief supporters of ________________________, the idea that states have ________________________. Calhoun became an opponent of ____________because they raised the price of manufactured goods. He also argued that tariffs protected inefficient manufacturers. planter from SC; War Hawk; nationalist at first, but changed to sectionalist; originally thought American Plan would help the South, later changed his mind due to tariff States’ rights More power tariffs TARIFF

Daniel Webster New Hampshire 9. Describe Daniel Webster – 10. Webster came to favor the _________of 1816, which protected American industries from foreign competition. He favored policies that he thought would strengthen the __________ and help the . New Hampshire congressman, later Massachusetts Congressman and Senator; became famous as a speaker/orator/debator Tariff nation economy ©http://www.biography.com/people/daniel-webster-9526186

Henry Clay Describe Henry Clay – Kentucky Describe Henry Clay –   12. Henry Clay became known as the national leader who tried to resolve through . Kentucky War Hawk; Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1811; represented the interests of the West (western states); helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent Sectional disputes compromise

Missouri Compromise, 1820 13. Why did the state of Missouri cause great controversy? whether or not to let it enter the Union as a slave state; would upset the balance of power in Congress (the Senate) where there were an equal number of slave and free states. Free states Slave states

Missouri Compromise, 1820 Missouri Compromise 14. The _________________ _____ of 1820 (also called the Compromise of 1820) provided for the admission of ____________ as a ___________ state and _____________ (separating from Massachusetts) as a _____________ state. The agreement banned slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of the ________________ parallel. Missouri slave Maine free Free 36°30’ North Slave

The American System Whose idea was the American system? (and prevent another situation like that leading to War of 1812). Henry Clay – to develop US industry A self-sufficient nation is a strong nation.

The American System Protective Tariff would protect developing industries from foreign competition by raising the price of imported manufactured goods from other countries Internal Improvements road, canals, and other transportation projects would stimulate trade - would help manufacturers get raw materials to factories and move finished products to markets to sell National Bank would control inflation (rising prices due to drop in value of money) and lend money to help build industries

Who opposed the American System? Why? Southerners who opposed the tariff – English merchants paid them for their cotton in manufactured goods which would be taxed by a tariff Jefferson and other Southerners thought it would favor wealthy New England merchants Some thought the cost of internal improvements would lead to an increase in the tariff I and the other Southerners don’t like this at all.

McCulloch v. Maryland 16. Explain the debate involved in McCulloch v. Maryland and the final decision in the case. Why was the decision significant? The state of Maryland was trying to tax the Baltimore branch of the Second Bank of the U.S. (a federal bank). Maryland lost – couldn’t tax it. The Supreme Court said the federal government got their authority from the people, not from the states, so a state can’t control (or tax) a federal institution.

Gibbons v. Ogden 17. Why was the court’s decision in Gibbons v. Ogden significant? This ruling strengthened the national government –said a state could not interfere with Congress’s power over interstate trade

Foreign Affairs 18. How did the Rush-Bagot Treaty and the Convention of 1818 settle problems with Great Britain? Rush-Bagot Treaty: set limits on US and British ships on Great Lakes started disarmament along US-Canadian border Convention of 1818: set US-Canadian border in the Louisiana Territory at the 49th North parallel demilitarized the border

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was a US Army officer in the South. Seminole warriors living in Florida were crossing the Spanish-US border into Georgia and attacking American settlements. Then they fled back across the border where US Army couldn’t follow them. Jackson was finally told to follow the Seminole next time they attacked, but to break off the pursuit if they took refuge at a Spanish fort.

Trouble on the Border Jackson followed the Seminole into Florida after the next raid. The Seminole took refuge at the fortified city of St. Augustine. Jackson sent a message to his commanders telling them he was attacking the city unless they notified him and told him to stop. Jackson not only attacked the city, he also claimed Florida for the U.S.

Spain, you know it’s really all your fault. An international conflict erupted between the US and Spain. Many people wanted Jackson court-martialed. Monroe’s Secretary of State John Quincy Adams (son of John Adams) defended Jackson, saying that Spain had properly policed it’s territory and stopped the Seminole, no US military action would have been needed. The US then negotiated the Adams-Oñís Treaty, purchasing east and west Florida from Spain.

Adams-Oñís Treaty, 1819 terms: Spain gave East Florida to the U.S. Spain gave up all claims to West Florida – U.S. got it. U.S. gave up claims to Spanish Texas (some had said it was part of Louisiana Purchase) U.S. gave up $5 million in claims against Spain due to property damage caused by Seminole and loss of runaway slaves Set the border between U.S. and New Spain along Louisiana Purchase; gave the U.S. a claim to the Pacific Northwest  

James Monroe and Foreign Policy 20. How did James Monroe change the nation’s foreign policy? Spain wanted European help to regain many of the colonies it lost to revolutions in South and Central America (Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia and others). Pres. Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, which declared that the U.S. would not allow new European colonies in North or South America. Europe, KEEP OUT of the Americas!

James Monroe and Foreign Policy 20. How did James Monroe change the nation’s foreign policy? The U.S. could not enforce the Monroe Doctrine at that time, but the British helped enforce it. They were trading with new countries and did not want that trade hurt. Monroe Doctrine is still an important part of U.S. foreign policy today. Europe, KEEP OUT of the Americas!