10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 30 pt Nervous System Divisions The Cells of the Nervous System Neuro- transmitters Membrane Potentials Lorenzo’s Oil 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 20 pt 30 pt 30 pt 30 pt 30 pt 30 pt 40 pt 40 pt 40 pt 40 pt 40 pt 50 pt 50 pt 50 pt 50 pt 50 pt
The two overarching divisions of the nervous system
What is the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
The two major components of the CNS.
What are the brain and spinal cord?
The division within the PNS that is responsible for relaying messages from the external environment to the brain.
What is the sensory or afferent division (via neurons)?
This division of the PNS is responsible for skeletal muscle movement.
What is the somatic motor nervous system?
This is the division of the Autonomic Nervous System that prepares the body for physical activity (ie – increases heart rate, bp, etc…).
What is the sympathetic division?
This is the main cell of the nervous system responsible for the transmission of messages between CNS and PNS.
What is the neuron?
The two main processes of the neuron.
What are axons and dendrites?
The group of nervous system cells that maintain the ability to regenerate.
What are neuroglia?
This type of cell produces the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the central canal in the spinal cord and the ventricles within the brain.
What are ependymal cells?
This type of cell is responsible for ridding the brain of debris and foreign substances – it acts as an immune system for the nervous system.
What are microglia?
Junction where neurotransmitters deliver messages between neurons.
What is the synapse?
Neurotransmitters are almost always this type of macromolecule.
What is a protein?
This is the brain’s version of adrenaline – it mediates energy, sexual function, mental focus and motivation.
What is norepinephrine?
Responsible for helping us feel wonderful and happy, this neurotransmitter may be the most influential in regulating mood and emotion.
What is seratonin?
In addition to helping us maintain our sanity, having an imbalance in this neurotransmitter plays a role in the development of Parkinson’s Disease.
What is dopamine?
This is the name of the active transport pump that helps neurons maintain their resting membrane potential.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
At resting membrane potential, the charge found in the synaptic cleft.
What is a positive charge?
The rapid depolarization and repolarization of a neuron.
What is an action potential?
A type of action potential that jumps from one Node of Ranvier to the next, which is propagated very quickly, by the way.
What is saltatory conduction?
Saltatory Conduction is performed by this type of axon.
What is a myelinated axon?
The name of the disease that Lorenzo has (full name only).
What is adrenoleukodystrophy?
Michaela’s genotype with regard to her 23rd chromosome pair.
What is Xx (or heterozgous)? She is a carrier.
Part of the neuron in Lorenzo’s PNS that is affected by ALD.
What is the myelin sheath?
Type of macromolecule that builds up in nervous tissue of ALD patients solubilizing portions of the neurons.
What are very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs)?
Type of molecule that ALD patients lack that causes the build-up of VLCSFAs.
What is an enzyme (which aids in the process of VLCSFA breakdown)?