Annamarie du Preez Head: Frik Scott Medical Library annamari@ufs.ac.za CSIS6813 Annamarie du Preez Head: Frik Scott Medical Library annamari@ufs.ac.za February 26, 2019

Overview Bibliometrics Referencing Referencing software Assessment

bibliometrics Bibliometrics is a set of methods to quantitatively analyse academic literature. Determine the “best” journals in your field impact factors Determine journals earning DHET subsidies Determine prolific authors in a field Researcher profiles: h-index

1. Best journals: Impact factor A measure of the frequency with which its published papers are cited up to two years after publication. Calculation: for any given journal a count is made each year of the total number of times all its articles, reviews, proceedings or notes from the previous two years were cited during the current year. This number is then divided by the total number of “citable” items published by the same journal over the same two year period. Items deemed as “non-citable” such as editorials or letters to the editor are excluded.

1. Best journals: Impact factor: Examples In 2009 Econometrics had 392 citations to items it published in 2007 and 2008, during which time period it published 98 items in total. The 2009 impact factor is derived from dividing 392 by 98, resulting in 4.000. The Lancet received 18,270 cites in 2009 to articles it published in 2007-2008 from a total of 594 articles altogether, producing a 2009 impact factor of 30.758.

1. Best journals: Impact factor: Limitations Assesses a journal’s overall influence, and not that of individual papers or specific researchers. Selective coverage of titles - very often South African journals do not feature. Issues: Some disagreement about whether letters, editorials, etc should count as “citable” articles. Journals that publish more review articles are likely to get a higher number of cites than those which publish more research reports. You can only compare impact factors within a subject area. Differences in citation patterns can make any other comparison meaningless (e.g. average for general medicine is 3.17, while for mathematics it is 0.71)

1. Best journals: Impact factor Access is through the Journal Citation Reports (JCR): UFS Library Electronic resources Accept Databases Web of Science Journal Citation Reports Search either on an individual journal title or on a category to see rankings can export category lists

Impact factor: access

3. Determining journals earning DHET subsidies Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) list: library – electronic resources – accept – journals - DHET accredited journals for 2017 publications Different lists: ISI, IBSS, Norwegian, ScieLO SA, Scopus, DHET

4. influential authors: Web of Science Do a topic search, analyse the results and see which authors have written the most articles on the topic or who has received the most cites.

5. Determining a researcher’s h-index On Web of : Use the author search to get all the publications by that author. Now create a citation report – this will include the h-index

Why reference? Academic reasons Practical reasons It is a requirement of the University Provides supporting evidence for facts, opinions, data, approaches taken Gives your work academic credibility Avoid plagiarism! Practical reasons Allows others to easily find your sources Helps you re-trace your reading in the future

Different styles Harvard, Vancouver, APA, Chicago, etc. Determined by your field of study or academic department – get the guide Sometimes tailored for publication in a specific journal

In-text and bibliography Citation: Appears in the text of your essay, wherever you use a quote or incorporate an idea you have picked up from another source. All in-text citations must appear in the bibliography. Bibliography: An integrated list at the end of your essay / article / dissertation, with the full details of all sources you have read, even if they are not referred to within the text.

When to reference?

In-text citations Appears in the text of your essay, wherever you use a quote or incorporate an idea you have picked up from another source. Usually the author's surname and the date of publication in brackets, together with the page number (Jones, 2005: pp. 52). For each citation there should be a full reference in the bibliography.

bibliography Example: Jones, A. (2005). References and citations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

In-text citations: tips Tip 1: ALWAYS work with the source you have in hand. To cite a source that you have read in another source: (Matthews, 1998, as cited in Brown, 2001: 17). BROWN will be in the bibliography. But it is ALWAYS better to get the original source.

In-text citations: tips Tip 2: If you are citing items from the same author in the same year they should be distinguished by adding a lower-case letter after the year. Example: It was emphasised that citations in a text should be consistent (Jones, 1998a: 24). In a work published later that year Jones (1998b: 78) proposed that...

In-text citations: tips Tip 3: If there is no author: (Anon, 2011: 4) Tip 4: If there is no date: (Jones, no date: 76)

bibliography Different types of sources used for research, each with its own elements to be present: A book A chapter in an edited book A journal article / electronic article in .pdf format An electronic journal article in .html format An article from an electronic reference work A website

bibliography Elements: Author(s) or editor(s) of the work Date of publication Source: book - title, publisher, place of publication journal – article title, journal title, volume, number, pages website – address and date accessed

bibliography Reference to a book: Jones, S., & Brown, F. (1998). Citing and referencing published material (3rd ed.). London: British Institution.

bibliography Reference to a chapter in an edited book: Lunnen, K. Y. (1999). Children with multiple disabilities. In Campbell, S. K. (Ed.). Decision making in pediatric neurologic physical therapy (pp. 141 – 197). New York: Churchill Livingstone.

bibliography Reference to an unpublished thesis: Goedhals, D. (2014). Immune responses to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus and molecular characterization of viral isolates. Unpublished Ph.D. Bloemfontein: University of the Free State.

bibliography Reference to a journal article / electronic article available in .pdf from the internet: Hoffman, K. A., Aitken, L. M. & Duffield, C. 2009. A comparison of novice and expert nurses’ cue collection during clinical decision-making: verbal protocol analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, 1335–1344.

bibliography Article in html from EBSCO or another database:

bibliography Article from an electronic reference work, found on e.g. Credo Reference:

bibliography Article from a website: Corporate author Womenshealth.gov. (2012). Graves' disease fact sheet. Retrieved from <https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/graves-disease.html>

Bibliography – integrated list Abbas, A. K. & Lichtman, A. H. (2001). Basic immunology: functions and disorders of the immune system. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. Belz, F. & Schmidt-Riediger, B. (2010). Marketing strategies in the age of sustainable development: evidence from the food industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(7), 652-669. Chase, K. 1997. Jane Eyre’s interior design. In Glen, H. (Ed.). Jane Eyre (pp. 52-67). Basingstoke: Macmillan. Tyagi, R. K. (2004). Technological advances, transaction costs, and consumer welfare. Marketing Science, 23(3), 335-344.

Where can I store my references? Use google to find expansive manuals on different referencing styles Use google to find out how to reference strange sources such as emails or lectures BE CONSISTENT!

Use google to find expansive manuals on different referencing styles Use google to find out how to reference strange sources such as emails or lectures BE CONSISTENT!

Referencing software e.g. mendeley Register – create a free account Install plugins: web importer, MS Word plugin Capture references Generate citations and bibliography

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

mendeley

Assessment: due date 22 march 2017 Bibliometrics – use the Web of Science to answer specific questions Referencing – create a bibliography in the correct format

Annamarie du Preez annamari@ufs.ac.za 051 401 7786

Thank You Dankie