Acid & Bases Review Notes Wednesday, May 9th, 2018

Acid/Base Venn Diagram

Three Acid/Base Theories complete the chart and put in your notebook Arrhenius - H+ and OH- production in water Acid – produces H+ in water HCl + H2O → H3O + + Cl- or dissociation equation: HCl (aq) → H + (aq) + Cl- (aq) Base – produces OH- in water dissociation equation: NaOH (aq) → Na + (aq) + OH- (aq)

Bronsted – Lowry – proton transfer between reactants Acid – donates a proton Base – accepts a proton      HF  + NH3  →   NH4 +  +  F-     acid           base

Lewis – electron pair transfer between reactants Acid – accepts electron pair Base – shares electron pair   H+  + :NH3  →   NH4 +           acid           base

Why are these called acids and bases? Why do they cause a color change? They deviate from the natural water ion concentration             Salt in water:    NaCl (aq)   Na+ (aq)   +  Cl- (aq) Water forms ions – self ionization! H2O  H + + OH-   Hydrogen ion [H +]      vs        hydronium ion [H3O +]       (proton) Transferred in Exists in aq solutions A/B rxn         

Which of the following substances are acidic, basic or neutral? H2O   H +  +  OH- Water is neutral because for Water [H+]=[OH-]  both = 1.0 x 10-7M Acid  or acidic solution – [H+] > [OH-]  [H+] > 1.0 x 10-7M Base or alkaline solution (basic) - [H+] < [OH-]  [H+] < 1.0 x 10-7M Which of the following substances are acidic, basic or neutral? a) A solution with  [H+] = 1.0 x 10-3M b) A solution with  [H+] = 1.9 x 10-8M c) A solution of salt and water

How Do you Characterize Acids and Bases? pH scale – a measure used to report the acidity of a solution Range 0 to 14

Indicators - chemical substances that change color based on pH

Indicators - chemical substances that change color based on pH

BTB Demo

Ocean Acidification