Combined BET/MEK inhibition offsets therapy resistance

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Combined BET/MEK inhibition offsets therapy resistance Combined BET/MEK inhibition offsets therapy resistance A, BBRAFi‐resistant Yumm1.7‐BR syngeneic tumors (n = 8 mice/group). Mice were treated for up to 12 days, treatment withdrawn and mice followed up until tumors reached a pre‐set volume (1,200 mm3). (A) Tumor volume. (B) Kaplan–Meier survival curves.C, DWM3936‐1 BRAFi‐resistant PDX. Mice (n = 8 mice/group) were treated for up to 30 days or until tumors reached a pre‐set volume (1,500 mm3). (C) Tumor volume. (D) Kaplan–Meier survival curves.E, FC57Bl/6 mice (n = 8 mice/group) bearing LSL‐NrasQ61R/Q61R (TpN61R/61R) syngeneic tumors were treated as indicated. Mice were treated for up to 29 days or until tumors reached a pre‐set volume (900 mm3). Mice were given three doses of anti‐PD‐1 (300 μg) every 5 days. (E) Waterfall plot depicting change in tumor volume from baseline for each mouse. Horizontal dashed line indicates 30% decrease in tumor volume. (F) Kaplan–Meier survival curves of mice enrolled in the different treatment groups. Data representative of two independent experiments.GChange in expression levels of TCF19 between pre‐treatment and post‐treatment biopsies was determined in a cohort of 23 patients that were treated with targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Non‐responder patients include patients with progressive disease (n = 11 post‐treatment biopsies from nine patients), and responders include patients with stable disease, partial response, or complete response (n = 15 post‐treatment biopsies from 14 patients).HShort‐term cultures derived from immunotherapy‐resistant patients were treated as indicated for 7 days. Cells were stained with propidium iodide and Annexin V‐FITC and analyzed by FACS; % dead cells (Annexin V+/PI+ cells) are shown.Data information: Data in (A, C, H) represent the mean of three independent experiments ± SEM. In (A–F), mice bearing tumors were randomized into different treatment groups as indicated. P‐values were calculated using Student's t‐test (A, C, H), log‐rank Mantel–Cox test (B, D, and F), Fisher's test (G), and Barnard's exact test (E).Source data are available online for this figure. Ileabett M Echevarría‐Vargas et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2018;10:e8446 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend