Effects of length-altering chemical treatments are more apparent after F-L synchronization. Effects of length-altering chemical treatments are more apparent after F-L synchronization. Flagella were measured from each cell after incubation with the appropriate concentration of different chemicals for 90 min. (a) 0.4 mM IBMX. (b) 10 µM LatB. (c) 10 mM NaPPi. (d) 25 mM LiCl. For each pair: red, nonsynchronized; blue, L-D synchronized; purple, M-N synchronized; green, F-L synchronized. The first and second distributions for each pair represent control and treated conditions, respectively. n = 100 cells (one flagellum per cell). Bars represent means and standard deviations (top half of each panel). In each case, percent change in mean flagellar length is shown below individual plotted values. Soumita Dutta, and Prachee Avasthi mSphere 2017; doi:10.1128/mSphere.00003-17