The Road to the Civil War 1850s The Road to the Civil War 1, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 27, 50, 52 1, 3

Compromise of 1850 Statehood for CA caused aNorth/South crisis Stephen Douglas, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster fight for compromise. Provision for a new Fugitive Slave Law Slave trade in the District of Columbia Admission of California into the Union as a free state Future of slavery in the Mexican Cession territories- Popular Sovereignty

Popular Sovereignty The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide (vote) whether or not slavery will be permitted there. Popular sovereignty was invoked in the Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854). The tragic events in “Bleeding Kansas” exposed the doctrine's shortcomings

Jumpstarted abolitionist movement Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel which brought home the evils of slavery to many in the North Jumpstarted abolitionist movement

Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 Stephen Douglas desires a Northern route for a railway and proposes K-N Act The question of slavery decided by "popular sovereignty The Nebraska Territory was to be divided into two units — Kansas and Nebraska Since Kansas is next to slave Missouri, it was thought the south would agree to the terms Reopened the issue of slavery in a territory North of 36, 30 The effect of this proposal was to repeal the Missouri Compromise

Bleeding Kansas Horace Greeley description the violent hostilities between pro and antislavery forces starting with 1855 election. The Raid on Lawrence, Kansas. 1856, by proslavery men. The Pottawatomie Creek Massacre retaliation for the Lawrence raid John Brown hacked to death pro-slavery men Further divide the Democratic Party, up to 300 deaths in Kansas- Pierce unable to respond.

Republican Party Formed as opposition to the further expansion of slavery into the territories Spontaneous outpouring of anger following passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Northern Whigs united in their opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Know-Nothing movement Republican Party The Free-Soil Party The Know-Nothing movement Northern Democrats who deserted their Southern cousins over the slavery issue

Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857 A slave taken from Missouri to Illinois, a free state. Scott sues for his freedom. Roger Taney, the Supreme Court Chief Justice stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States. He removed restrictions against the spread of slavery into the Western Territories

A slave was the property of the slave owner Dred Scott v. Sanford A slave was the property of the slave owner Congress, under the Fifth Amendment, lacked the authority to deprive citizens of their property ruling that served to wipe out the slavery provisions of the Missouri Compromise.

John Brown’s Attack on Harper’s Ferry, October 1859 Brown, A radical abolitionist wanted to start a slave rebellion in Virginia. He attacked Harper’s Ferry, VA The impact of John Brown's raid was felt in both the North and the South. In the North, Brown became a martyr in the eyes of the abolitionist minority. Denounced by many Northern moderates

John Brown’s Attack on Harper’s Ferry Slave owners were increasingly convinced that the North was preparing for a widespread armed attack. Others in the South became terrified at the prospect of a general slave insurrection; these fears led to tightening of slave laws throughout the South.

Lincoln Douglas Debates of 1858 Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in an Illinois Senatorial election The main topic is the legality of slavery in the territories Douglas supports popular sovereignty and wins the election

Lincoln Douglas Debates Lincoln asks Douglas…” Can a territory vote down slavery despite the Dred Scott Decision” Douglas responds “Territories can refuse to pass laws that protect slavery” This Freeport Doctrine Divides the Democratic Party North/South. Douglas wins the election…But Lincoln becomes President

Abraham Lincoln 1858 “A House divided cannot stand. I believe this governmnt cannot endure; permanently half slave and half free” How does this statement reflect the Freeport Doctrine?

Election of 1860 Lincoln’s position on slavery Slavery should not be allowed to expand into the territories The republicans won control of the presidency but not congress No candidate received a majority of the popular vote The popular and electoral votes were divided among four candidates A major consequence of the election was that several southern states seceded from the union.