Session 2 - Introduction to social protection Enhancing employers’ involvement in Social Protection policy debates Turin, 1-4 September 2015

Key questions What is social security / social protection? Why social protection is needed? The ILO standards to realize the right to social security/protection What are the major social protection trends of the past decades? What is the current social protection situation? What is the social protection floor (SPF) concept? ILO's Recommendation No. 202 International commitments for the SPF Why is social protection important to you?

What is social security/protection? Poverty Life cycle risks with financial consequences Disasters and conflicts can intensify the need for social protection Maternity Sickness Unemployment Work injury Medical care Families with children Invalidity Death of the breadwinner Old age Life-cycle

What is social security/protection? The set of measures provided by society to protect its members from: Poverty and social exclusion The financial consequences of ill health, sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member Insufficient family support particularly for children and adult dependants

What is social security/protection? Access to social protection is a public responsibility which is typically provided through public institutions, financed from either social contributions or taxes or both However the delivery of social protection can be and is often mandated to private entities

What is social security/protection?

Exercise 1: Social protection matrix - reflect about social protection in your country

Why is social protection needed? A human right Social security and an adequate standard of living are human rights recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, Articles 22 and 25 http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/ These rights are recognized in the Constitution of Pakistan (Article 38)

Why is social protection needed? An economic necessity Source: Source: A. Mideros Mora, F. Gassmann, and P. Mohnen, 2012, Estimation of rates of return of social protection instruments in Cambodia: A case for non-contributory social transfers.

Why is social protection needed? An economic necessity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGk7khsd73o (2:36 – 3:40)

ILO’s standards to realize the right to social security/protection ILO sets standards that lay down obligations and guidelines for ILO member States Standards are of two types: Conventions and Recommendations They help in drafting laws and regulations, designing and implementing social security systems

ILO’s standards to realize the right to social security/protection Maternity Sickness Unemployment Work injury Medical care Convention No. 102 covers all 9 contingencies Families with children Invalidity Death of the breadwinner Old age Life-cycle C 183 C 128 C 128 C 128

Major social protection trends Legal coverage https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Amn_eQoynsQ​ 

Major social protection trends Existence of social security laws

However huge coverage gaps Only 12% of unemployed workers worldwide actually receive unemployment benefits. Globally, 39% of the population is lacking coverage in health. Nearly 50% of all people over pensionable age do not receive a pension. 50% of the world’s children live in poverty. 73% of the world population is not adequately covered. http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowTheme.action?th.themeId=3985

The social protection floor concept Over the life cycle all in need have Access to essential health care Access to basic income security Effective access to goods and services defined as necessary at the national level Rights-based Life-cycle

The social protection floor concept Rest of informal sector Formal sector Level of protection Population Poor Social protection floor Social protection system, composed of schemes and programmes (diversity) The floor is the minimum level guaranteed at the national level; it is not an additional scheme

The social protection floor concept All residents have access to essential health care, including maternity care All children enjoy basic income security, providing access to nutrition, education, care, and any other necessary goods and services All persons in active age who cannot earn sufficient income, enjoy basic income security, particularly in cases of sickness, unemployment, maternity, disability All older persons have basic income security

SPF endorsed globally ILO’s Recommendation on Social Protection Floors, 2012 (No. 202) was endorsed by 185 member States in June 2012 with 456 ‘yes’ votes and 1 ‘not present’ Recommendation No. 202 guides member States on establishing and maintaining nationally defined SPFs No one size fits all approach http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdf

SPF endorsed globally - SDGs Target 1.3 - Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable Target 3.8 - Achieve universal health coverage (UHC), including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services, and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all Target 5.4 - Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate. Target 10.4 - Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

SPF a priority for many countries Argentina: maternity Cabo verde: pensions Mongolia: children China: pension Thailand: health South Africa: PEPs

SPF a priority for many countries The example of China https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzH-M5EmGL4

Why is social protection important to me? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q0WU8kjzmI&list=PLALOQNjQjyMDGsTS8qLftfwzHs6LbGApm&index=2

Exercise 2: Take two minutes to think about social protection and answer the question >> Why is social protection important to you (as an employer or employers organization)?