Unit 4—Enlightenment & Revolutions Mr. Barchetto MMW-Honors

England: Tudor Queens & Stuart Kings Henry VIII Reading The Tudors & Stuarts Genealogical Chart Using Basic Skills worksheet 18 and a partner study family tree and answer the questions. Review Answers

Elizabeth I Faced Many Challenges Objectives How did Elizabeth settle England’s religious problems? Significance of Mary Stuart Identify Phillip II & the Spanish Armada Financial & Parliament Problems

How did Elizabeth settle England’s religious problems? Where does England’s religious problems stem from? How did Elizabeth settle England’s religious problems? Elizabeth & The Church of England

Significance of Mary Stuart Who is Mary Stuart? What does she want? What unfolds? Mary Stuart Queen of the Scots

Phillip II & The Spanish Armada Who is Phillip II? Why is he upset? What does he want? What is the Spanish Armada? What is the result? Phillip II & The Spanish Armada

Why does Elizabeth have Financial problems? Why does Elizabeth have Parliament problems? Elizabeth: Financial & Parliament Problems

The Magna Carta (The Great Charter) 1215 On June 15, 1215, the barons of Medieval England confronted King John at Runnymede, and forced the king to put his seal on the Magna Carta. King John had been an unpopular king who abused his power, oppressed his subjects The barons wrote the Magna Carta, which contained 63 clauses promising all freemen access to courts and a fair trial, eliminating unfair fines and punishments, giving power to the Catholic Church in England, and addressing many lesser issues. The Magna Carta was the source of many of the important ideas contained in founding documents of the United States, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.

Principle Rule of Law Balance of Power Power of the Purse   The Magna Carta (1215) American Declaration of Independence (1776) Rule of Law Laws exist and all citizens must obey them. The king is not above the law. If the king breaks the law, his vassals can remove him from the throne. King George III has broken the laws and refused rights of colonists; the people therefore "throw off his government of tyranny and reestablish rights under the rule of law. Balance of Power Even though the king is the nation's leader and authority, his vassals have both the right and the responsibility to check or limit his power. The king has demanded that some of his subjects give up the right of representation in legislature. Power of the Purse The king cannot levy any extra taxes "without the common consent of the realm." Without new taxes, the king cannot increase his army and overturn the balance of power by attacking his vassals. The king has imposed taxes on colonists without their consent. Security of Private Property Things that do not belong to the king (land,tools) cannot be taken from their owners without their consent. This agreement not only preserves right of subjects to own property but also stops the king from becoming richer or more powerful by taking property from his subjects. The king has "plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, destroyed the lives of our people." Limited Government There are limits to the powers of both the king and his barons. This idea relates to balance of power. Governments should protect the rights and liberties of citizens. The king has opposed citizens' rights, and liberties. A new nation must be formed to protect them. Due Process of Law Someone who is accused of a crime cannot simply be condemned by the king or his sheriffs. There is a process for hearing both sides of the case and making a fair judgment. The king has refused to agree to laws related to justice; has made some judges dependent on his will. Judgment By One's Peers This idea is the "seed" of our jury system, which guarantees that the guilt or innocence of a citizen accused of a crime will be decided by a jury of his or her peers. The king has deprived many colonial citizens of the benefits of trial by jury.

The Model Parliament 1295AD Open textbook and read pg.251-252 Then answer question four on page 254

James I to Parliament in 1610: England had a Civil War Theory of the divine right of kings: According to James I speech to Parliament how would you define the divine right of kings? James I to Parliament in 1610: The state of the monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth: for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by god himself they are called gods. God has power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure to give life or send death, to judge all and to be judged. And the like power have kings: they make and unmake their subjects, they have power of raising, and casting down; of life, and of death.

Timeline England’s Civil War Pt.1 1610-11 James I Problems 1626-27 Charles I Costly Wars 1628 Parliament Petition of Rights 1639 Laud & The Scots 1642 Cavaliers & Roundheads

Timeline England’s Civil War Pt.2 1646 Cromwell’s New Model Army 1649 Charles Trial Jan. 30, 1649 Charles is Beheaded Significance? 1653 A New Day Cromwell’s Reign

1660-85 The Restoration Charles II Merry Monarch Moderate Ruler habeas corpus Problems Religion Problems Money What leads to the formation of political parties in England? Charles II

The Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution Tories Whigs James II & Charles II differences James II events which cost him his throne Mary and William of Orange Glorious Revolution William & Mary & Parliament’s relationship Limits of Royal Power are established in what Tories vs. Whigs

English Bill of Rights 1689 Main provisions: The King could not suspend the operation of laws. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. Freedom of speech in Parliament. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. The monarch must be a Protestant. Freedom from arbitrary arrest. Censorship of the press was dropped. Religious toleration.

Looking at the following cartoon what political term will be used to describe the English government from 1689-onwards? The English Seesaw

Political Ideas Born from Conflict Did the English people have a right to rebel against Charles I in 1642 and against James II in 1688? Could a ruler lawfully be overthrown by his subjects? Thomas Hobbes View on human nature? Leviathan View on Absolute Monarchy John Locke View on human nature? Treatises on Government View on Absolute Monarchy