The Enlightenment CHY4U

Day 1

Identify whether each is a modern characteristic Reason over tradition Rational optimism Freedom of thought over obedience to tradition Rights Tolerance Individualism Social criticism = Liberalism

Political Systems Like England Like France constitutional absolute monarchy monarchy Like England Like France In the 1600s and 1700s neither was a democracy in which ordinary people could actually vote.

Locke “life, liberty and property”

Social contract Locke’s 2-way contract The people form a contract with ________. The ruler forms a contract with _________.

philosophes Diderot

“intolerance” is blasphemous “whoever is intolerant in this …sense is an evil man, a bad Christian, a dangerous subject, a poor statesman, and a bad citizen.” “teaching, persuasion, and prayer, these are the only legitimate means of spreading the faith.” “Conscience must be enlightened, not constrained.” “It will take only three or four intolerant men to tear apart the entire fabric of society.”

Day 1 HW Notes from pages 146-150 on: Notes from page 83 on: Philosophes Bayle Diderot Voltaire Turgot Hogarth Rousseau Notes from page 83 on: Locke

Day 2

Match Bayle A Attack privilege and question tradition Diderot Name Detail Bayle A Attack privilege and question tradition Diderot B Genius is the key to progress and it’s only available in rational societies Voltaire C Passion and nature; society corrupts Turgot D Find evidence rather than accept things at face value Rousseau E Satirist of English corruption and greed Hogarth F Preferred English form of government or enlightened despotism

Locke takeup __________ on authority __________ liberties __________ rights = LLP Contract = ________________ State of __________________ Right to __________________

Jean calas Broken on the wheel, 1762

Rousseau Was Different Philosophes Rousseau Progress “man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”   State of nature preferred: “our minds have been corrupted in proportion as our arts and sciences have made advances toward their perfection.” Lifelong theme: innocence vs. experience Salons Critical of salons Individualism /scared of democracy Community (general will) – dirty d?

Day 2 HW Take notes from page 150 on: Physiocrats Laissez-faire economics Adam Smith

Day 3

mercantilism “At the heart of mercantilism is the view that maximising net exports is the best route to national prosperity. … the idea that the only true measure of a country’s wealth and success was the amount of gold that it had. If one country had more gold than another, it was necessarily better off. …The best way of ensuring a country’s prosperity was to make few imports and many exports, thereby generating a net inflow of foreign exchange …. The Economist, The Economist Blog – Free Exchange, 2013, http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2013/08/econom ic-history (March 21, 2016)

THE pie analogy Some Navigation Acts: Trade between Britain and her colonies had to be on British ships No direct trade between British colonies and the Netherlands, Spain, France and their colonies Heavy duties on imports of molasses from the French West Indies

Enlightened Economics Laissez Faire Mercantilism

Adam Smith, 1776 Adam Smith Institute, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2014, http://www.adamsmith.org/the-wealth-of-nations/ (March 21, 2016)

Invisible hand

Timeline of the american revolution 1760s onward: Escalating conflict between the 13 colonies and their mother country, Britain 1776: Declaration of Independence 1776-1783: War of Independence (or Revolutionary War) 1783: Articles of Confederation created 1787-1788: Constitution written and adopted 1791: “Bill of Rights” created - the first 10 amendments (changes) to the constitution

American Revolution (190-191) group writing activity Write a Diderot-style Encyclopedia entry on ___ by ____. Boston Tea Party (1773) – Smith Leaders of 13 colonies meet to coordinate actions at the Continental Congresses of 1774 and 1775 – Diderot Amongst the king’s abuses: dissolved colonial assemblies - Locke Amongst the king’s abuses: created new officials that colonies had to pay – Smith