Changing Acreage Trends & Icreasing Productivity in Guar D. Kumar CENTRAL ARID ZONE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, JODHPUR-342003 Ph. 09314008627, 09166297938 (M), Fax : 0291-2788706 E-mail : dkumarcazri@gmail.com

Effect of different components on grain yield of guar in FLDs during 2002-07 (Total FLD conducted 463)

Inter & intra row distances (cm) Plant population ha-1 (No.) Spacings: Normal sown conditions: Invariably 1.25-1.50 lakh plants/ha are optimum at 45 cm spacing for branched type varieties. Late sown condition : 30 cm than 45 cm inter row spacing was observed better. Infra row spacing : 10 cm for branched typed varieties. 15 cm for unbranched Inter & intra row distances (cm) Locations Rainfall (mm) Plant population ha-1 (No.) 60 X 10 Jodhpur, Bikaner (Arid) 200-350 1.1 lakh plants 45 X 10 Durgapura (Semi-Arid) 450-500 1.5 lakh plants 30 X 10 Agra 550-600 2.0 lakh plants

Immediate economic features of guar Cost of seed and gum increased 300 times during one year. (Rs 18-20 to 100-120 / kg) Import increased Rs. 3000 crore annually against Rs 1200 crore, 400% increase and 200% increase in quantity (1.80-3.5 lakh ton) Benefit from guar Rs.50 000/ha in 100 days Benefit per day : Rs. 860 C:B ratio : 1:5 Productivity of guar increased (1200kg/ha) almost 206% in Haryana If productivity of Rajasthan is increased at par to Haryana guar seed production can be increased to 35.7 lakh ton against 10-14 lakh ton currently. Guar is behaving like pulse in arid region and as sugarcane in assured input situations. Guar can take climate change to task.

Fig : Effect of fertility treatments and forms on grain yield and gum content

Fig: Grain yield and gum content during kharif 2011 and summer 2012.

Fig: Gum content and viscosity during kharif 2011 and summer 2012.

Guar introduced in A.P.: Some Examples S. No. Name of cultivator/ concerned Place Contact No. Remarks 1. Mr. Radha Krishnan (D. K. Enterprises) Rangareddi 09959156680 10 ha 2. Mr. K. Srihari (KPS Group) Gooti (Annantapur and Karnool) 09848494254 200 acre 3. Mr. Jagpati Babu Karinnagar 0800812345 250 acreas (20 ton grains available) 4. Mr. Pratap Joshier Hindupur (Anantapur) 09820125471 Mid May sowing, 50 acres 5. Mr. Krishnan Nellore 07897947819 100 ton grains available 6. Mr. Koteshwar Rao Guntur 08096394599 22-24 q/ha (drip system) 7. Mr. Krishna Reddi 09246769909 20-22 q/ha 8. Mr. Mohan (ESSKAY) Annantapur, Prakasha, Guntoor 09849111567 300 acre (3q/acre) 1000 acre summer sowing (4q/acre) 9. A. Satyanarayana 1000 acre (Dec. sowing) 20 acre (4q/acre)

Guar introduced in non-traditional areas of India (barring A. P Guar introduced in non-traditional areas of India (barring A. P.) during 2011-2013 S. No. Farmer’s Name Mobile Place Area (Acre) Productivity 1 Riddu Khan 07798154681 Akola 10 5 q/acre 2 Kabra - Jalna 4 4q/acre 3 Attar Singh 08127195792 Budanpur 297 Deepak 08790535182 Nandare 5 Dr. Sononunu PC KVK 07350013146 2000 6 Prasant 09922629624 15 ton 7 Amrit Palil + 20 0989888682 Digras 1500 7 q/acre 8 Mr. Shindey 09421486467 9 Mr. Morey 08888280597 Dr. K. P. Viswanatha DEUAS, Raichur 09448325444 Raichure 11 K. S. Malik 09755693495 Raipur 50 6 q/acre 12 Emami Biotech Ltd. 09314008627 Radiapatti (T.N.) 4000 (Oct. 2013) Oct-Jan 13 Vasant Mirgey Buldana 4.5 acre (summer) 14 K.V. Krishna Rao 09972999955 Raichu 15 Onil Omedia 09823202365 Vasai 2013

Guar introduced in A.P. under rainfed conditions. Initial plant stand of guar in Annatapur district. Initial planting of guar in Karimnagar district (10.07.2012) Initial stage of flowering with disease free plant Bumper crop of guar in Ranga Reddi district Guar introduced in A.P. under rainfed conditions.

Post – rainy season (01.11.2012) guar introduced in T.N. Field view of early crop of guar at Killikudi. Initial care of guar at Killikdi, T.N. Big soil cracks and viral disease of guar in Madurai. Cluster of pods With branching at Madurai. Post – rainy season (01.11.2012) guar introduced in T.N.

Summer guar introduced in Vidharbha. Farmer happy with bumper guar production at Yavatmal. Mamooth gathering of farmers at Digras Local MLA Participated in guar programme in field itself. Farmer happy with bumper guar production at Yavatmal. Summer guar introduced in Vidharbha.

Improved varieties of guar suitable for different cropping regions, Rajasthan Sl. No. Average rainfall* (mm) Region/district Cropped area* (000ha) Productivity* (kg/ha) Varieties Maturity (days) Remarks 1 170-200 Churu 315.00 235 RGC-936 85-90 Suitable for arid Rajasthan Jaisalmer 190.00 100 HG-365 80-85 High viscosity (3500 cP) and ruling variety of Haryana 2 200-250 Bikaner 411.00 215 Suitable for Haryana, high gum and viscosity profile (4050 cP) Barmer 325.00 135 RGC-365 RGC-563 3 250-300 Ganganagar 180.00 807 Hanumangarh 319.00 870 RGM-112 RGC-1066 100-105 Suitable for mechanical harvesting

420 180 311 280 708 675 780 600 1000 Sl. No. Average rainfall* (mm) Region/district Cropped area* (000ha) Productivity* (kg/ha) Varieties Maturity (days) Remarks 4 300-350 Nagur 155.00 420 RGC-1038 95-100 Suitable for summer season and wide spacing (40-50 cm) Jodhpur 183.00 180 HG-884 High gum content (30-31%) and viscosity (3000-3500 cP) 5 375-40 Sikar 78.00 311 RGC-1002 100-105 Jhunjnu 62.00 280 RGC-1017 6 400-450 Pali 67.45 708 Jalore 69-50 675 RGC-1031 105-108 Suitable for irrigated conditions 7 600-650 Jaipur 55.14 780 Bhilwara 37.00 600 HG-20-2 110-112 Gum content 31.41% suited for wider spacing and irrigated conditions 8 700-800 Alwar 34.66 1000 RGC-986 115-120 Dual purpose and suitable for canal command areas

Source: Kumar and Rodge (2012); Journal of Food Legumes 25(4), 2012 Sl. No. Average rainfall* (mm) Region/district Cropped area* (000ha) Productivity* (kg/ha) Varieties Maturity (days) Remarks Haryana 9 200-250 Bhiwani 90.00 900 HG-365 80-85 10 200-225 Mohindergarh, Bawal 30.00 985 HG-563 11 300-350 Sirsa 101.00 1400 HG-884 95-100 12 250-300 Hisar 70.00 1200 HG-2-20 110-115 Gujarat 13 Banaskantha 61.60 604 GG-2 Kutch 58.10 610 RGC-936 85-90 Source: Kumar and Rodge (2012); Journal of Food Legumes 25(4), 2012

Region wise high input (HITs) and low input technologies (LITs) and common cropping systems for guar Sl. No. Regions/ districts Technology LITs/HITs Protection priority Varietal priority Planting priority Fertility priority Cropping sequences/ rotation Inter/ Mixed cropping Rajasthan 1 Churu Jaisalmer Bikaner Badmer LITs ST-RR RGC-936 RGM-112 HG-365 HG-563 Line sowings 60  10 cm, hand weeding, interculture up to 30-40 dos Nil Monocropping, Guar-Guar, Guar-Guar-Bajra, Guar-Bajra Guar + Bajra (3:1), If delayed rains up to 1st week of August Guar + Moth, Bean + Bajra + Til + Cowpea (25% seed of each crop)

Gamganagar Hanumangarh HITs RGC-1066 RGC-1031 Sl. No. Regions/ districts Technology LITs/HITs Protection priority Varietal priority Planting priority Fertility priority Cropping sequences/rotation Inter/ Mixed cropping 2 Gamganagar Hanumangarh HITs ST-RR ST-BLB Full protection package RGC-1066 RGC-1031 Line sowing, 40  10 cm, deep intercvul- ture upto 30-40 days, full production package Full fertility package Sole cropping Guar-Mustard Guar-Wheat Crop substituions Groundnut, Cotton, Bajra Limited mix or intercropping 3 Nagaur Jodhpur Sikar Jhaunjnu HITs/LITs RGC-1002 RGC-1003 RGC-1017 RGC-936 Line sowing 45  10 cm, deep interculture upto 40 days Urea spray @1-2% at 50-60 DAS Guar-Mustard Guar-Guar Guar-Bajra Guar-Guar-Bajra/Sorghum Guar-B. tournifortii Guar : Bajra (3:1)

HITs Fertility package Sl. No. Regions/ districts Technology LITs/HITs Protection priority Varietal priority Planting priority Fertility priority Cropping sequences/rotation Inter/ Mixed cropping 4 Pali Jalore Jaipur Bheelwara Alwar HITs ST-RR ST-BLB Full protection package RGC-1038 HG-884 HG-1031 RGC-986 Line sowing, 40  10 cm, deep interculture up to 40 days, production package Fertility package Guar-Wheat Guar-Mustard Guar + Bajra/ Sorghum (3:1)

HG-365 HG-563 HG-884 Sirsa Hisr Bhiwani Rewari HITs Sl. No. Regions/ districts Technology LITs/HITs Protection priority Varietal priority Planting priority Fertility priority Cropping sequences/rotation Inter/ Mixed cropping Haryana 5 Sirsa Hisr Bhiwani Rewari HITs ST-RR ST-BLB Full protection packate HG-365 HG-563 HG-884 Line sowing, 35  40 cm, deep interculture up to 40 days production package Full fertility package Substitution, cotton, bajra, til, groundnuts Crop sequence: guar (HG-884, HG-2-20)-wheat, guar (HG-365, HG-563) – mustard, for saline water Guar-wheat guar + gajra (3:1) guar + gorghum (3:1)

Source: Kumar and Rodge (2012); Journal of Food Legumes 25(4), 2012 Sl. No. Regions/ districts Technology LITs/HITs Protection priority Varietal priority Planting priority Fertility priority Cropping sequences/rotation Inter/ Mixed cropping Gujarat 6 Kutch Banaskantha LITs ST-RR ST-BLB HG-365 RGC-936 GG-2 GG-1 Line sowing, 60  10 cm, deep interculture up to 40 days Spray of urea @1-2% at 50-60 DAS guar-bajra, guar (GG-1-musatard) (irrigated) North Gujrat : guar-potato, Agri-silviculture system guar with P. cineraria guar + bajra (3:1) guar + sorghum (2:1) Mixed cropping for North Gujrat: bajra + moth bean + cowpea + guar (0.40, 3.0, 5.0 & 3.75 kg/ha respectively) Source: Kumar and Rodge (2012); Journal of Food Legumes 25(4), 2012

Proposed productivity (kg/ha) The regions showing area, productivity and proposed enhanced productivity of guar in Rajasthan through LIT Regions Area (lakh ha) Productivity (kg/ha) Proposed productivity (kg/ha) Sikar (Sikar & Jhunjhunu distt.) 1.44 351 600 Bikaner (Bikaner, Churu & Jaisalmer distt.) 11.88 180 500 Jodhpur (Jodhpur, Barmer & Nagaur distt.) 6.62 159 400 Source: Kumar and Solanki (2012)

Proposed enhanced area (th. Ha) Regions showing productivity, area and proposed enhanced area of guar in Rajasthan through HIT Regions Productivity (kg/ha) Area (th. Ha) Proposed enhanced area (th. Ha) Jaipur (Jaipur, Ajmer & Dausa distt.) 699 73.5 147.0 Bhilwara (Bhilwara, Chittore, Rajsamand & Partapgarh distt.) 554 31.4 62.8 Udaipur (Udaipur, Banswara & Dungarpur distt.) 655 15.4 30.8 Bharatpur (Bharatpur, Alwar, Dholpur, S. Madhopur & Karoli (distt.) 1175 37.0 74.0 Source: Kumar and Solanki (2012)

New Dimension in Guar Sl. No. Particular In past two years At present 1. Planting season Rainy season Rainy season and summer seasons 2. Growing states Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, MP (5) Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, AP, Karnataka, T.N. (10) 3. Productivity 5-10 q/ha 22-25 q/ha 4. Cropped area 28-30 lakh ha 42-45 lakh ha 5. Production status 10-12 lakh ton 20.5 lakh ton 6. Soil types Light textured No soil barrier 7. Export potentials: Quantity 2-2.5 lakh ton 4.00 lakh ton Currency Rs. 1200 crore Rs. 2900 crore 8. Cultivators’ involvements Arid and poor farmers for life support Big financial houses, Administrators Corporate world big seed companies 9. Mechanization Simple seed device Planters combines, reapers, drip system

Total cost of cultivation of guar from sowing to storing SN Item / Input Details Cost Per per ha acre 1 Seed 12 kg@ Rs. 350/kg 4200 1680 2 Seed Treatment Bavistin 400 160 3 Soil Treatment Chlororpyriphos @ 25 kg/ha 1000 4 Ploughing 1200 480 5 Sowing with seed drill Once 700 280 6 DAP 100 kg 1250 500 7 Zinc Sulphate 25 kg/ha 1660 664 8 Weeding Twice 18 laboreres @ 300/labour 5400 2160 9 Tilling with Tractor Once (2.5 hr) 10 Spray againt diseases – BLB, PM etc. Streptocycline, Kerthane 11 Harvesting 5 Persons 1500 600 12 Cleaning, threshing grading, bagging Total 20,510 (21,000)* 8204 (8500)* * May include transportion

Assuming three rates (Rs/kg) Assuming three rates (Rs/kg) Cost of total produce of guar seed (Expecting grain yield on an average 800 kg/ha) Units Assuming three rates (Rs/kg) Rs. 250 /- Rs. 150 /- Rs. 100 /- (i) 1 ha 2,00,000 1,20,000 80,000 (ii) 1 Acre 48,000 32,000 (iii) 1 Bigha 33,340 20,000 13,340 Expected savings after detecting cost of cultivation only Units Assuming three rates (Rs/kg) Rs. 250 /- Rs. 150 /- Rs. 100 /- (i) 1 ha 1,17,000 94,000 56,000 (ii) 1 Acre 68,000 37,600 22,400 (iii) 1 Bigha 28,340 15,666 9,333

Conclusive Bullets During summer season, almost 2.5 to 3 times more grain yield, 1.5 to 1.7%, more gum content, 320 kg/ha more gum yield and 330-340 cP more viscosity of guar gum could be realized vis-à-vis kharif season. In kharif season, amongst fertility treatments maximum grain yield (901 kg/ha) was realized with Nano P (40 ppm), maximum gum content (31.03%) with Nano Zn (10 ppm), and maximum viscosity, with basal Zn (25 kg/ha) was realized.

Amongst varieties, RGC-1066 and RGM-112 were characterized with maximum gum content (31.46%) and viscosity profile (4535 cP), respectively. Guar can be cultivated in black cotton, heavy soils also. For Southern and central India, summer sowing in more suited than rainy season.

Future thrust Price stability Farmers’ economic price Balanced farming Seed production programme R & D involvement Minimum Supporting Price (MSP) Organic farming encouragement