802.22 Coexistence Aspects Author: January 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0006r0 802.22 Coexistence Aspects Author: Abstract This contribution summarizes graphically the coexistence features developed in the 802.22 Draft Standard. Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.11. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf>, including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chair Carl R. Stevenson <wk3c@wk3c.com> as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.11 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at <patcom@ieee.org>. Gerald Chouinard, CRC Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

“Regional Area Network” Multipath absorption Window (Cyclic prefix ) January 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0006r0 IEEE Standards IEEE 802.22 RAN “Regional Area Network” 10-30 km Multipath absorption Window (Cyclic prefix ) 0.25 2.2 μsec 0.8 75 μsec The IEEE 802.22 Working Group which is developing the WRAN standard is adding anotherr layer to the set of licensed-exempt wireless systems. It will be able to operate in the low-VHF (ch. 2-6), high-VHF (ch. 7-13) and UHF (ch. 14 to 51 and 69 where possible). It will use the standard TV channels, 6, 7 and 8 MHz wide. Each channel can carry some 20 Mbit/s capacity and its modulation (2000 carriers OFDMA) will be robust to long echoes (up to about 25 usec) found on these longer paths. 23, 27, 31 Mbit/s BW= 6,7,8 MHz 54 - 862 MHz Gerald Chouinard, CRC Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Characteristics of 802.22 WRAN: January 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0006r0 Characteristics of 802.22 WRAN: Base station power: 100 W Antenna height: 75 m User terminal (CPE) power: 4 W antenna height: 10 m 30 km 23 km 16 km 64-QAM 16-QAM QPSK Max throughput per 6 MHz: 23 Mbit/s (net: 19.44 Mbit/s) The service availability is defined as F(50, 90), that is one household over 2 can be reached at the edge of the coverage (unlike 1 over 4 over most of the coverage for WLAN as explained by STORM yesterday) (availability will be much better inside the coverage area) and once connection is feasible, its availability in time will be very high for stable service, i.e., 99.9%). This can be achieved with Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) transmit power of 4 W as specified by the FCC and a base station power of 100 W at 75 m antenna height for the maximum throughtput indicated. In order to re-use a DTV frequency, the base station will need to be located at some 30 km from the edge of the DTV coverage area. This will reduce to 1 km if a first adjacent channel is used. The CPEs can be located at 3 km from the edge of the DTV coverage area for the co-channel case and only 70 m for the first adjacent channel. Since it is considered that the distance between neighbor can be as small as 10 m, CPEs operating on first adjacent channels will not be allowed inside the DTV coverage area. Gerald Chouinard, CRC Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

WRAN edge of coverage: 10.4 km WRAN CPE 4 Watt 10 m outdoors WRAN BS 4 Watt 30 m WRAN edge of coverage: 10.4 km Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Radius of detection of BS TX by 802.11= 330 m 802.22 WRAN Radius of detection of BS TX by 802.11= 330 m at -64 dBm level WRAN CPE 4 Watt 10 m outdoors WRAN BS 4 Watt 30 m WRAN edge of coverage: 10.4 km Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Radius of detection of BS TX by 802.11= 330 m 802.22 WRAN Radius of detection of BS TX by 802.11= 330 m at -64 dBm level WRAN CPE 4 Watt 10 m outdoors WRAN BS 4 Watt 30 m Radius of Interference from the 100 mW portable unit= 2.2 km WRAN edge of coverage: 10.4 km Gerald Chouinard, CRC

On-axis radius of detection of CPE TX by 802.11= 300 m 802.22 WRAN On-axis radius of detection of CPE TX by 802.11= 300 m 78 m in backlobe Radius of detection of BS TX by 802.11= 330 m at -64 dBm level WRAN CPE 4 Watt 10 m outdoors WRAN BS 4 Watt 30 m Radius of Interference from the 100 mW portable unit= 2.2 km WRAN edge of coverage: 10.4 km Gerald Chouinard, CRC

On-axis radius of detection of CPE TX by 802.11= 300 m 802.22 WRAN On-axis radius of detection of CPE TX by 802.11= 300 m 78 m in backlobe Radius of detection of BS TX by 802.11= 330 m at -64 dBm level WRAN CPE 4 Watt 10 m outdoors WRAN BS 4 Watt 30 m On-axis radius of Interference from the 100 mW portable unit= 1.35 km Radius of Interference from the 100 mW portable unit= 2.2 km WRAN edge of coverage: 10.4 km Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.11 Detection threshold level to coexist with 802.22 Required 802.11 detection threshold in 6 MHz to limit the 802.22 devices desensitization to 3 dB Detection threshold = -90.8 dBm (BS transmitted signal) Detection threshold = -88 dBm (CPE transmitted signal) Detection threshold = -104 dBm (BS signal received at CPE, 10 m) Detection threshold = -120.9 dBm (BS signal received at CPE, 1.5 m) To be able to detect the downstream burst from the distant BS sending the DS/US-MAP -120.9 Note that: Typical 802.11 sensitivity = -85 dBm Typical SNR (QPSK, rate: 1/2) = 4.3 dB (Re: 19-07-0011-15-0000-parameters-for-simulation.doc) 802.11 desensitization at these thresholds would be: BS transmited signal = 2.3 dB CPE transmitted signal = 3.7 dB BS received signal at CPE (10 m) = 0.14 dB BS received signal at CPE (1.5 m) = 0 dB Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.22 Coexistence techniques Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Spectrum Etiquette Co-channel consideration: different operating channel for overlapping or adjacent cells different first backup channel Before After Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Spectrum Etiquette Adjacent-channel consideration: Depending on adjacent rejection and dynamic range operation Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

On-channel re-use Techniques for on-channel re-use CDMA: limited signal discrimination (X <25 dB) OFDMA: average signal discrimination through FFT (25 < X <35 dB) TDMA: very high signal discrimination (X > 35 dB) with appropriate time buffer to remove channel time spread Given the potential large dynamic difference between fixed and portable applications, TDMA will be required. Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.22 WRAN superframe and frame structure Superframe = 160 ms Superframe = 16 frames Frame = 10 ms Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.22 WRAN superframe and frame structure Superframe = 160 ms Superframe = 16 frames Frame = 10 ms Using the Self-coexistence window (5 symbols, 2.3 ms) for TDMA with other systems Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.22 WRAN superframe and frame structure Superframe = 160 ms Superframe = 16 frames Frame = 10 ms Using the 802.22 capability to schedule intra-frame quiet periods for sensing Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.22 WRAN superframe and frame structure Superframe = 160 ms Superframe = 16 frames Frame = 10 ms Using the 802.22 capability to shorten its frame under lower traffic Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Terrestrial geolocation January 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0006r0 Terrestrial geolocation Vernier-1 BS Downstream CPE 1 Upstream CBP burst Vernier-2 CPE 2 Vernier-1 Vernier-3 Besides satellite-based geolocation, the 802.22 standard includes terrestrial geolocation using inherent capabilities of the OFDM based modulation and the coexistence beacon protocol bursts transmitted and received among CPEs Propagation time measured between BS and its CPEs and among CPEs of the same cell using Fine Time Difference of Arrival: TDOA Gerald Chouinard, CRC Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use 802.22 on-channel coexistence TDMA capabilities Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum Manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

802.22 Spectrum Manager Spectrum Manager Policies Spectrum Sensing Channel Set Management Policies Subscriber Station Registration and Tracking Spectrum Manager Geo-location Self Co-existence Incumbent Database Service Spectrum Sensing Incumbent Database Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Outline Summary of 802.22 characteristics Interference issues between long range and short range systems Detection distance and interference distance Detection threshold levels to coexist with 802.22 802.22 coexistence tools available to 802.19 Coexistence techniques in 802.22 Spectrum etiquette On-channel re-use Improving 802.22 operation in presence of 802.11 CSMA-CA transmissions Terrestrial geolocation Spectrum manager Conclusion Gerald Chouinard, CRC

Conclusions Current 802.11 CSMA-CA based detection thresholds are not sufficient to enable coexistence with 802.22 802.22 WG has been developing a standard based on protecting incumbents and enabling self-coexistence since the very beginning 802.22 has established spectrum sharing techniques that can be readily adapted to enable coexistence with other 802 technologies 802.22 spectrum manager is capable of autonomously deciding which coexistence mechanism to use and how 802.22 will consider providing interface between its spectrum manager and 802.19 coexistence manager 802.22 will be happy to help 802.19 to ensure fair coexistence amongts different 802 technologies in the TVWS Gerald Chouinard, CRC

January 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.22-06/0006r0 References IEEE P802.22™/ DRAFTv4.0 Draft Standard for Wireless Regional Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands, August 2010 22-10-0123-00-0000-Interference between 802.22 WRAN and Portable Devices.xls Gerald Chouinard, CRC Gerald Chouinard, CRC