Mass Spectrometry.

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Presentation transcript:

Mass Spectrometry

Dalton’s model of the atom Stated “all atoms of an element are identical” Not entirely true… Same number of protons and neutrons Different masses (due to different numbers of neutrons) Isotopes of same element Examples: C-12, C-13, C-14

Mass Spectrometry Provided evidence that Dalton’s model is incorrect and needed modification Any time new evidence is collected theories must be revised Technique provides a spectra of the masses of the substances that make up a sample of a substance X-axis: mass of substance Y-axis: Relative abundance (% of substance with that mass)

Mass Spectrometry for Singular Atoms If Dalton’s theory was correct would expect for every singular element (B, C, Na, etc.) that the mass spec. graph would only contain one line Since all atoms of the element would have had identical masses In reality, each isotope should have it’s own peak on the spectra

Mass Spectrometry for boron What does this Mass Spectrometry Graph tell us about Boron?

Mass Spectrometry for boron Number of isotopes Mass of each isotope Relative abundance of each isotope Estimate of Average atomic mass Actual Average atomic mass of boron (can be calculated)

Average atomic mass

Chlorine Diatomic (Cl2) Two groups of peaks (one set midway) Use the midway values to determine the average atomic mass of one atom of chlorine