European Reformation

Reformation Causes of Reformation Social Political Economic Religious Renaissance values led people to question the Church. Printing press. Political Powerful monarchs challenged the Church. Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged authority. Economic Jealous of Church’s wealth. Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the Church. Religious Church leaders became corrupt. Sale of indulgences

Martin Luther Took action against Friar Tetzel. Wrote the 95 Theses Teachings rested on three main ideas: People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. All church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. All people with faith were equal.

England becomes Protestant Henry VIII wants a son Parliament passes a set of laws known as Reformation Parliament. Ended pope’s power in England. https://vimeo.com/90738933

From his marriages, Henry had 3 children who lived: Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.

England becomes Protestant Consequences of Henry’s changes Edward VI Too young when he took the throne Guided by Protestant advisers Reigned for six years

England becomes Protestant Mary Catholic Returned English Church to the rule of the pope Protestants were executed

England becomes Protestant Elizabeth Restores Protestantism 1559, set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church

Calvinism Religious reform began in Switzerland. John Calvin (French follower of Luther) Predestination

Calvinism Spreads John Knox Huguenots Scottish preacher Put Calvin’s ideas to work Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians Huguenots Calvin’s followers in France Hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to violence Estimated as many as 12,000 Huguenots were killed.

Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation) Movement to help Catholics remain loyal within the Catholic Church Important leaders Ignatius of Loyola Founded new religious orders Pope Paul III and Paul IV Took action to reform and renew the Church within Paul IV)

Pope Paul III Council of Trent Agreed on several doctrines: Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final Christians needed faith and good works of salvation Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life Indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but false selling of indulgences were banned.

Legacy of Reformation Ended Christian unity in Europe Europe was left culturally divided Religious and social effects Protestant churches flourished Roman Catholic Church became more unified Both Catholics and Protestants gave more emphasis to role of education Political effects Individual monarchs and states gained power Laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE

John Greene’s Reformation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE