TIEL Towards Implementation of Library 2.0 & the e-Framework A Library Domain Model for People to interact with Stuff in Higher Education Contexts within the global information environment Ken ChadDavid Kay Ian Chowcat Phil Nicholls Paul Bacsich Mark van Harmelen

Why do it? Aim –[library] service development driven by [library] business goals. Objective –A service framework is a tool for documenting a shared view of library services in changing environments; communicating it among libraries and others... –A means of focusing attention and organizing discussion … –It does not supply the answers, but facilitates the process by which answers are sought, found, and applied. Scope –the range of entities relevant to the articulation of library business goals … as well as the services that support these goals … –the framework will not provide an exhaustive description of all aspects of a library, but instead, concentrate on key areas of need. It will not re- invent libraries from the ground up. Brian Lavoie, Geneva Henry, Lorcan Dempsey, A Service Framework for Libraries, DLIB Magazine, 12 (7/8), July/August 2006

Domain Scope Statement Business Goal The library domain is about … People interacting with Stuff in (a variety of) Context(s)

Infrastructure Storage, Services, Security Administration Registry, Finance Learning & Teaching Research Library Domain

Client Channel Corporation Above Business Requirements – Realms? Domain Ecosystem?

Corporation – organisation involved in back office administration of knowledge assets (e.g. originals, copies, licenses, metadata) and / or specific groups of clients (e.g. student records). Corporations in the library domain include all Universities, some JISC Services, National Libraries and publishers. Channel – a means of delivering knowledge assets to Clients, not necessarily restricted to the holdings or the client base of any particular Corporation. Channels within this model range from local OPACs to national and webscale services such as Amazon and Google Scholar. Channel operators typically require their own corporate processes (e.g. a library managing its collection, an online book store managing its stock). However, there may be an increasing tendency towards channels relying on the corporate services of others and vice versa (e.g. a bookshop outsourcing some of its channel services to the Amazon marketplace). Client - an individual accessing the broader information environment (not just libraries, VLEs and repositories but also the wider web world) in the context of an academically or learning motivated workflows. Clients in the HE context include students, researchers, lecturers, librarians, business and community partners)

Client Channel Corporation Realms & the Domain Ecosystem People interacting with Stuff in Context e.g. HE Specialist People Relationships e.g. University Course, LLL Service Specialist Content Assets & Services e.g. Collections, Local Records, Rights Consider … Amazon … Local Resource Discovery …

library Consumer environments Management environment Licensed Bought Faculty& students Digitized Aggregations Resource sharing … Institutional Workflow Portals, CMS, IR, … Personal Workflow RSS, toolbars,.. Network level workflow Google, … Integrated local user environment? Library web presence Resource sharing, … Dempsey – October 2007

Process Groups / Realms Dempseys model involves a mesh of management and user processes, channelled (switched) through the delivery, routing, resolution layer. The TILE domain model develops this in to 3 distinct process groups (or realms): Corporate processes –Performed by academic, public, commercial organisations –What ExLibris has called Source systems? Channel processes –Performed by (potentially different) academic, public, commercial organisations Client processes –Performed by students, researchers, librarians –What ExLibris has called Target systems?

Information – Services – People Prof. Fabio Ciravegna (University of Sheffield) People provide information –Which forms the basis for services Which provide new information –To people and services C > B B > B B > C This perspective does not assist in distinguishing between corporation and channel services

Model Definition Challenges To what extent should the model account for client business requirements that fall outside the library / institutional business case? (e.g. Peer networks) Should other HE stuff and services (such as VLE content) be part of the library domain model? Should the actual tools of end users (e.g. Social networks) be taken into account alongside their abstract business requirements, as shapers of workflows and learnflows? Processes that address real requirements may involve internally and externally delivered activity, both on and off the network.

Scoping a Domain Model Business Requirement: : an identifiable segment of the overall mission, at a level that might be detailed in a librarys strategic plan; the apex of a high level domain model –Business Process: choices are potentially arbitrary but would most usefully inform a workflow or learnflow; the lowest level of a domain model Business Function: part of a specification for developing the application, therefore part of an e-Framework SUM

DLF Service Framework (2005) Dempsey et al proposed a hierarchy consisting of Business Requirement –Business Process Business Function The report gave an OAIS example Business Requirement: Long Term Preservation –Business Process: Ingest Business Function: Receive Submission Here is a Library example Business Requirement: Utilisation of Physical Collection –Business Process: Manage Circulation Business Function: Validate patron status Selecting the starting level is crucial, as illustrated by this lower level variant Business Requirement: Manage Circulation –Business Process: Validate patron status Business Function: Banned? The DLF Service Framework recommended the higher level model where the business requirements are at a level that might be detailed in a librarys strategic plan

Realm > Requirement > Process Decomposition Examples Corporate –Build Assets select, acquire –Manage Assets ingest, curate, monitor –Exploit Assets describe, enhance, expose –etc Channel –Access register, find, locate, deliver –Add Value recognise, advise, contextualise, store Client –Consume register, find, access, reference, store –Contribute comment, enhance, share Realm Corporate > Requirement > Manage Assets >> Process >> Ingest >>> Function >>> Barcode books Example

Client Channel Corporation 1. The Library domain: Largely relating to asset management and exposure (with the wider exception of physical assets)? It is arguable that, defined in terms of local library business scope, the library domain falls largely within the Corporation realm. Consider these options … Library Domain Ecosystem

Client Channel Corporation 1. The Library domain: Largely relating to asset management and exposure (with the wider exception of physical assets)? 2. The Library domain: The processes required for People to interact with Stuff in HE Contexts? Narrower / Wider Definitions Roles?

Business or Collective Intelligence Client Channel Corporation Above Business Requirements Domain Ecosystem v2 Is collective intelligence (e.g. attention & behaviour data) a distinct high level element?

The Library Domain & wider HE stuff & services Example – a Recommender service They fit the model but are they part of the domain?

Example mapping: TILE Pain Point SUMs Creating Context TILE SUMs Corp- oration ChannelClient 1. National SUM 2. Institutional SUMHEI 3. VLE SUMHEI 4. Profile SUM 5. ERM SUMHEI 6. LMS SUMHEI 7. Saved Search SUM

TILE SUMs Corp- oration ChannelClient 8. Contributions SUM 9. Bookmarks SUM 10. Forum SUM 11. Linker SUM Example mapping: TILE Pain Point SUMs Enabling Contribution MOSAIC Making Our Shared Activity Intelligence Count Working with Dundee, Falmouth, Huddersfield, Lincoln, Sussex, Swansea, Warwick, Wolverhampton