Robotic-enhanced biventricular resynchronization: an alternative to endovenous cardiac resynchronization therapy in chronic heart failure Jean-Luc Jansens, MD, Maurice Jottrand, MD, Nicolas Preumont, MD, Eric Stoupel, MD, Didier de Cannière, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 76, Issue 2, Pages 413-417 (August 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00435-1
Fig 1 Atrial electrode (1), left ventricular electrode implanted in a left ventricular coronary vein (2), and right ventricular probe for pacing and sensing only or for pacing/sensing and defibrillation if necessary (3). In the present report, the left ventricular electrode (2) is replaced by an endoscopically implanted epicardial electrode. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 413-417DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00435-1)
Fig 2 Left ventricular epicardial electrode in a pericardial bridge below a robotic tool. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 413-417DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00435-1)
Fig 3 Robotic procedural times for the first 10 consecutive patients. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 413-417DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00435-1)