How Can a War be Cold and yet have Hotspots? The Cold War: How Can a War be Cold and yet have Hotspots?

Capitalism (USA) You are in charge of your life and the means to work to support yourself.
You can choose to run your own business You can become extremely rich if you work hard, know the right people, and/or are born into the right family. You don't have to pay taxes beyond that of the basics to protect your rights (police, courts, national defense, etc). You vote with your dollars. If you don't like at Store A, you can always shop at Store B.  If no one shops at Store A it will shut down. You have the right to own property, which comes with the right to do what you wish on it (build a house, a business, etc.). There is no minimum wage in a true capitalism, which means business owners can pay you as little as they like.

Communism (USSR) Everyone is treated equally by the government. Personal rights and freedoms are reduced, as the government tells people what they can and cannot do. Everyone has a job and is paid about the same amount of money. Laws are oftentimes much more strict, as the government wants to make sure people act in a certain way. There is healthcare for everyone, as the government provides it. Everything belongs to the government- especially businesses. When you go to any store, there are fewer choices and things are a bit more expensive than they could be. There are many fewer choices when you buy things, as the government wants everyone to be equal and have the same/similar things.

After World War II, the Cold War began and caused tension throughout the world. The USA and the USSR were the two world “Superpowers.” The USA was a capitalist society with a democracy. The USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship. Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world. Define term capitalist: an economic system where people/individual control the productions o9f goods and services Define communist: an economic system in which the government controls the means of production. Review meaning of dictatorship: ruler who has total power over the country and people

Nuclear Tensions The USA had exploded the A-bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II. The USSR was also developing atomic weapons/bombs. Developed own bomb in 1949 The USA and the USSR were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – this was called an Arms Race.

After World War II, the world changed! Many countries became communistic: Czechoslovakia (1948) Poland (1947) Hungary (1947) China (1949) Cuba (1959) North Korea (1945) Review list quickly Just to give them an idea that it happened over time

Countries become Communist… Korea becomes divided into two nations South Korea: democratic North Korea: communist, Kim Il-Sung became dictator China becomes communistic: The People’s Republic of China in 1949, Mao Zedong becomes a dictator 1954 Vietnam becomes divided North Vietnam becomes communist South Vietnam becomes democratic Do not need to memorize these countries but need to be able to sort.

The Domino Effect The USSR had a lot of power over the new communist countries (especially those in Europe). The USA was worried the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union was becoming more powerful. The USA did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect (one country becomes communist, then another, then another, etc.)

This caused the world to become divided. At the end of World War II both countries wanted their government system and beliefs to spread The United States wanted people to vote and for democracy to spread The Soviet Union or U.S.S.R. wanted communism to spread. This tension/conflict between the two countries was noticeable.

What were the goals of theses two countries? U.S.S.R. United States Containment: Do not let communism spread Assist countries to be democratic Wanted open trade policy Spread communism around the world Control all communist countries around the world Control trade of communist countries Review of economic terms

How were these two government economic systems set up? Free Enterprise/Capitalism Communism People are free to own or work for a business of their choosing Consumers and business owners control the economy Also named capitalism This is the economic system of the United States Democratic: vote for leaders The government owns all the stores, factories, banks, utilities, transportation systems, etc. The government has complete control This is the economic system of the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union Run by a dictator, Joseph Stalin People did not vote Shows the reasons we wanted to stop the spread of communism and interferes with American rights. Opportunity to review American liberties…due process, Constitution protects rights

Cold War? The tension and rivalry between the USA and the USSR was described as the “Cold War” (1945-1990). There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1990, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots). Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to spread communism or stop communism.

What are the objects in this political cartoon? What do you believe “retaliate” means? What are these gigantic objects? Discuss what they believe is happening in the political cartoon. What are they objects? What do you think the word “retaliate” means? Why do you think the artist had them using bows and arrows and not guns? Do not correct students with answers. At the end of their lesson they will return to this political cartoon and retell you what they see after they listen to the lesson. Where do you think these soldiers are from?

Lightning Round…. What is a “superpower? What type of government system does the United States have? What type of government system does the Soviet Union have? Describe why the allies began to have tensions between them.

Day 2: Standards/Objectives SS5H7 The student will discuss the origins and consequences of the Cold War. Explain how the United States sought to stop the spread of communism through the Berlin airlift, the Korean War, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Why? I thought they were allies? This is Germany at the end of World War II Germany was divided into four “zones” Each zone was controlled by one of the “big four.” Berlin was also split in a similar way among the four powers, but its location in the Soviet controlled East, caused for increasing tensions among the former Allies. This tension increased in 1961! Why? I thought they were allies? Review with students first how Germany is divided into parts and then how Berlin is divided.

Another Cold War Crisis: Germany Germany was divided into two halves after WWII – West Germany (controlled by U.S.) and East Germany (controlled by S.U.) EAST: Much less money, jobs Under Communist control Saw West Berlin as an “infection”/ “problem” WEST: Wealthier, helped by US, jobs Attracted people from the East.

More Tension… The U.S.S.R- East The U.S.A. –West wanted a demilitarized Germany demands reparations for past invasions. a rebuilt Germany would be a problem The U.S.A. –West The West believed the rebuilding of Germany was needed; join Germany into one country Refused to pay reparations from West Germany to the Soviets. rebuild Western Germany Good spot to review prefix “re”

How did the United States respond to the U.S.S.R? President Truman promised to help any country that the U.S.S.R. wanted to turn communist This policy was called the Truman Doctrine or policy of containment Use containment to teach: Suffix review “ment”

The US protested, but the Soviets did not listen Soviet Union began putting restrictions on traffic to Berlin from Western Zones (March 30, 1948) US personnel traveling through the Soviet had to present evidence of identity Shipments from Berlin to Western zones had to be cleared through Soviet check points All baggage had to be inspected at Soviet check points The US protested, but the Soviets did not listen Spring of 1948, more restrictions were put into place Soviets explained them as “technical difficulties” such as repairs to railways…etc.

Western zones restricted exports to Soviet zone that were crucial to their economy. Two days, June 24, 1948, all land and water traffic to and from Berlin was stopped- this fully began the Berlin Blockade. Tensions and a war of words continued between the US and the Soviets- a fully blow war was inevitable. The two million people in Berlin could starve.

Berlin Airlift US decides not to start a war and decides to send supplies to West Berlin by air (British proposal) Shows the resolve of the US to keep West Berlin C-47: Used to carry supplies (3.5 tons each)

"Operation Vittles”/"Operation Plane Fare" 3,475 tons of supplies were needed daily to keep the over 2 million people alive (approximately 1000 flights a day) Coal was the largest necessity (industries) Later in June, C-54’s were used (10 tons) – faster too Spacing of 3 minutes, both types of planes were used

What other factors led to difficulty between these two countries? NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Democratic countries of Europe and the United States formed to support democracy; also called the Western Bloc Warsaw Pact: The countries under Russian control at the end of the war agree to Russian control; also called the “Iron Curtain” I am using this to show why we today are called the west.