Quick Review of the cell What we’ve done so far

Generalized cells and their internal organelles Plant cell Animal cell

Cell Membrane 1.Lipid bilayer or fat sandwich. 2.Very small particles and fat soluble particles can pass through 3.Embedded proteins Chanels for larger molecules and water soluble molecules to pass through 4. Passive transport requires no energy :If particles flow from a high concentration to a low concentration this is diffusion. If water moves from a high conc. of water to a low conc. of water this is Osmosis 5. Active transport requires Energy (ATP) This is when particles go against the gradient.

Making sugar from light Photo synthesis Making sugar from light

The Taiga or Boreal forest This forest covers 1/3 of the globe and 2/3 of Canada. It provides the world with 1/3 of it’s oxygen Trees have to eat too so they make all their own food

Plants photosynthesize to make their own food Oxygen is just a waste product the plants throw out Lucky for us!!!!! Draw this input / output diagram

This what the inside of a leaf looks like Air goes in and out through the stoma or holes in the bottom of the leaf. The sun shines in through the clear epidermis. Photosynthesis occurs in the little green balls or chloroplasts

Chloroplast or the site of Photosynthesis Double membrane. 2. The inner membrane is folded into little discs called thylakoid discs. 3. These discs are in stacks called grana. 4. This is where the chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and changes it to ATP. We call this the Light Reactions. Oxygen is released here. 5. The spaces between the stacks is called the stroma. This is where Carbon atoms from carbon dioxide CO2 are hammered together to make PGAL (1/2 a glucose molecule C 3H6O 3). We call this the Calvin cycle. 6. Almost all of the food on Earth comes from this process.

Spectrum of visible light The wavelength of light tells you how much energy it contains. Visible light has just the right amount of energy to stimulate reactions (sight, photosynthesis) but not damage molecules and cells (cook, cause cancer) Light can pass through or reflect, this determines it’s colour It only does work of it is absorbed.

Chlorophyll absorption spectrum Chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet and red light. It uses these wavelengths for photosynthesis. It reflects all the green and yellow light that’s why you see green. It’s useless to the plant.

Here it is again

This experiment was published by Jan Baptisa van Helmont in 1648: "...I took an earthenware vessel, placed in it 200 pounds of soil dried in an oven, soaked this with rainwater, and planted in it a willow branch weighing 5 pounds. At the end of five years, the tree grown from it weighed 169 pounds and about 3 ounces. Now, the earthenware vessel was always moistened (when necessary) only with rainwater or distilled water, and it was large enough and embedded in the ground, and, lest dust flying be mixed with the soil, an iron plate coated with tin and pierced by many holes covered the rim of the vessel. I did not compute the weight of the fallen leaves of the four autumns. Finally, I dried the soil in the vessel again, and the same 200 pounds were found, less about 2 ounces. Therefore 169 pounds of wood, bark, and root had arisen from water only." Most of the weight of the tree described in the above experiment came from carbon dioxide and water. The equation for photosynthesis shows that these compounds are used to produce glucose. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ® C6H12O6 + 6O2 http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Photosynthesis/photosyn.htm

Here is the chemical equation and the word equation The left is the input or reactants the right is the out put or products Copy this equation

So here is a quick review In case you didn’t get it the first time here it is again