Mr. Vasquez AP U.S. Government and Politics AGENDA august 22-23, 2013 Mr. Vasquez AP U.S. Government and Politics

AGENDA OBJECTIVE: SWBAT have a better understanding of the U.S. Constitution, understand new concepts, and analyze Madison’s Federalist Papers. DO NOW (5 MIN) Review DO NOW (5 MIN) Read Shout Outs (5 MIN) Review Federalist Paper #10 (25 MIN) Discussion Questions (20 MIN) Vocabulary Part II (30 MIN) Review PowerPoint (25 MIN)

DO now (5 min) Based on your prior knowledge, what do you know about the Articles of Confederation? What is the main argument in Madison’s Federalist Paper #10? What is a “faction?”

Constitution DEFINITION: A nation’s basic law. It creates political institutions, assigns or divides powers in government, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Constitutions can be written or unwritten.

Supremacy clause DEFINITION: Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Natural rights DEFINITION: Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. It is a central theory from John Locke.

Limited government DEFINITION: The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.

factions DEFINITION: Interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist Paper No. 10.

Separation of powers DEFINITION: A feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government— executive, legislative, judicial—to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others.

Checks and balances DEFINITION: Features of the Constitution that limit government’s power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions. These institutions continually constrain one another’s activities.

federalists DEFINITION: Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.

Anti-federalists DEFINITION: Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption.

Bill of rights DEFINITION: The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the Anti-Federalist concerns. These amendments define such basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendants’ rights.

Marbury v. madison DEFINITION: The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court’s power of judicial review over acts of Congress, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Judicial review DEFINITION: The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and, by implication, the executive are in accord with the U.S. Constitution.

federalism DEFINITION: A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government.

Unitary governments DEFINITION: A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government.

Enumerated powers DEFINITION: Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for Congress, these powers are listed in Article I, Section 8 and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.

Implied powers DEFINITION: Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated powers in the Constitution. The Constitution states that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I.

Federalist paper #51 As you read the document, make sure to highlight and annotate important ideas and themes. Circle any unfamiliar concepts/words. We will go over the document for our next class session. Be prepared as I will ask questions to check for understanding.