Cell Structure and Function Chapter 3 I. Cell Type; There are two main categories of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. A. Prokaryotic- Commonly referred to as bacteria. 1. Cells do not contain membrane bound organelles. 2. Much smaller in size than eukaryotes.

B. Eukaryotic- 1. Cells that contain membrane bound organelles such as the nucleus. 2. Generally much larger than prokaryotes.

II. Cell Structures (parts) and Functions (what they do). A. Plasma membrane (cell membrane)- Surrounds the cell. All cells have this. Controls what goes into and out of the cell. B. Cytoplasm- Jelly like fluid (mostly water), which includes the organelles and allows materials to move throughout the cell.

C. Nucleus- Controls the activities of the cell, and contains the cell’s DNA. D. Nucleolus- inside the nucleus, makes ribosomes

E. Ribosomes- small bead-like structures that bond amino acids E. Ribosomes- small bead-like structures that bond amino acids together to make proteins F. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- site of chemical reactions. * 1. rough ER- ribosomes attached to the surface bond amino acids together to make proteins. 2. smooth ER- site of many chemical reactions such as lipid production.

G. Vacuole- used for storage of water, food, chemicals. 1. Plant cells- usually one large vacuole. 2. Animal cells- usually many small vacuoles. H. Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)- packages proteins and lipids for storage. 1. vesicles- carry the packaged materials to vacuoles or out of the cell.

I. Lysosome- found in animal cells, contains digestive enzymes to I. Lysosome- found in animal cells, contains digestive enzymes to break down and recycle biomolecules. J. Cytoskeleton- thread-like structures that crisscross the inside of the cell. 1. help maintain cell shape 2. network that helps materials move throughout the cell. K. Centrioles- cylinder shaped organelles that help DNA move during cell division. L. Mitochondria- creates, stores and releases energy

M. Cell Wall- found in Plants, but not in animals (also in fungi, some M. Cell Wall- found in Plants, but not in animals (also in fungi, some protists and bacteria)- Made mostly of cellulose. 1. provides support for the cell. 2. protection for the cell. N. Chloroplasts- found in Plants, but not in animals. Contains the green pigment, chlorophyll. Used to make glucose for the cell. O. Plastids- like chloroplasts, but contain other pigments.