A Permanent Epicardial Pacemaker Lead That Penetrated the Esophageal Wall 26 years After Implantation Shinya Inoue, MD, Kenichi Hashizume, MD, Kiyoshi.

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A Permanent Epicardial Pacemaker Lead That Penetrated the Esophageal Wall 26 years After Implantation Shinya Inoue, MD, Kenichi Hashizume, MD, Kiyoshi Koizumi, MD, Kentaro Hotoda, MD, Hiroharu Shinozaki, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 102, Issue 3, Pages e185-e186 (September 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.02.022 Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Preoperative computed tomographic images. A permanent epicardial pacemaker lead (arrowheads) runs toward the esophagus on the inferior surface of the heart. (A) Axial view. (B) Sagittal view. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, e185-e186DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.02.022) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 (A) Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identifying a permanent epicardial pacemaker lead protruding into the middle thoracic esophagus. (B) Intraoperative finding: dissecting fistulous tissue, a permanent epicardial pacemaker lead runs dorsally to the esophagus on the right side of the heart. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, e185-e186DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.02.022) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions