1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Science has rules Based on evidence Observations Data = information that are measurable Counts Measurements Conditions (temperature,time…) What kinds of things are not science?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Steps of the Scientific Method: Observation Question Hypothesis Test (design experiment) Collect data Analyze data Conclusion (which hypothesis is supported?) Are all 7 steps required for every experiment in this order?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Observation Patterns or the interruption of a pattern often indicates something different is happening Oak trees dying while other trees are normal People swimming in lakes are getting sick Bees are not producing honey Can the pattern be explained by random chance or is there a cause?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Ask a question Question must be testable Best if the answer is one of 2 answers (yes or no) Do people catch better with the hand they write with? Are dogs better than cats? Does regular exercise increase insulin levels in the blood? Do ants communicate like bees, visually? Which question is not scientific?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Hypotheses = the possible answers to your question. Hypothesis 1:no, catching is the same with either hand Hypothesis 2: yes, people catch better with the writing hand OR IF that is true, THEN this is expected Which hypothesis would indicate there is a connection?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Hypotheses = the possible answers to your question. IF the tree was cut down by people THEN we expect to see a straight saw cut. IF the tree was rotten THEN we expect rotten wood, And jagged edges. A tree falls,

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Experiment Design the experiment to eliminate other factors Keep everything the same except the condition being tested (catching) Same number Same ages Same type of ball Same speed Same throw… What is the problem if you don’t keep everything else the same?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Some parts of an experiment: Control group= group that experiment group is compared to Independent variable= condition that you control (which hand is used); graph on x-axis Dependent variable= condition that you don’t control but is measured (number of catches); graph on y-axis

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Collect & analyze data Measure in some way Compare the data Tables, graphs Greater than, less than Need to collect lots of data Why is it not enough to run the experiment once?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Conclusion Which hypothesis is supported by the data? Should the experiment be changed? Do the results make you think of new questions? Will the answer to the question always be obvious?

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Theory A theory is supported by evidence It may be shown false later or it may have to be changed Examples Evolution, supported with all evidence that has been found Ulcers, cause changed from acid to bacteria What confuses you about evolution? (be careful this is a big question)

1.3 scientific methods pp. 14-19 Write a question that you want to answer with the lab. Write 3 IF-THEN statements as hypotheses for the 3 tests run. Name the IV and the DV Analyze the data, which hypothesis was supported? Conclusion, what biochemicals did the unknown substance contain? In your notebook complete the biochemical test LAB (section 3.4)