Four Goals of Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Psychology: The science that studies behavior and mental processes or cognition.

Four Goals of Psychology DESCRIPTION – Gather information and find facts EXPLANATION – Create hypotheses, research and test the hypotheses, and construct theories PREDICTION – What will an organism do? What will it think or feel? CONTROL – Seek to influence or control behavior in helpful ways

History of Psychology Stucturalism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt Psychoanalysis History of Psychology Jeopardy

Current Approaches Biological/ Biophysiological Humanistic Psychoanalytical Cognitive Behavioral Sociocultural

Approaches to Psychology

-Vocabulary: Psychology, structuralist, functionalism, inheritable traits (biological) , introspection, functionalist, psychoanalyst, behaviourist, humanist, cognitivist, psychobiologist

Functionalism -functionalism: -William James 1842-1910 -developed introspection: self-observed collection of one’s own mind -thinking, feeling, learning and remembering are all activites of the mind serving one major function: to help us survive as a species

Structuralist -Wilhelm Wundt 1879 -structuralist: studied human behaviour Back to main page

Inheritable traits -Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) -inheritable traits – heredity determines some behaviour -later research showed “A person’s heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence.” (UP p.16) Back to main page

-Psychoanalytic Psychology -Freud (1856-1939) believed in the unconscious mind ruling actions -primitive biological urges are in conflict with the requirements of society and morality. -free association - a study of the unconscious Back to main page

-psychoanalyst: studies unconscious motives and conflicts to determine human behaviour, feeling, and thoughts Back to main page

-Behavioural psychology -Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) -"Pavlov's Dog" -classical conditioning for learning behaviour -subject is conditioned to associate events causing a reflex response to certain stimulus Back to main page

-Behaviourists - psychologists concerned with how a subject modifies their behaviour based on responses to events in thei environment. Back to main page

Humanistic psychology -humans are not controlled by events and environment. -each person is unique and has potential to develop fully Back to main page

Cognitive psychology -Behaviour is influenced by a variety of mental processes including perception, memories, and expectations. Back to main page

Biological psychology -study of how the brain, ther nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence our behaviour -ex: autism and low seratonin levels Back to main page

Sociocultural psychology -influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning Back to main page

Structuralist Back to main page

Structuralist Back to main page

Structuralist Back to main page

Structuralist Back to main page