Potassium and Magnesium Supplementation Do Not Protect Against Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Operation: A Time-Matched Analysis Timothy S. Lancaster,

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Potassium and Magnesium Supplementation Do Not Protect Against Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Operation: A Time-Matched Analysis Timothy S. Lancaster, MD, Matthew R. Schill, MD, Jason W. Greenberg, BS, Marc R. Moon, MD, Richard B. Schuessler, PhD, Ralph J. Damiano, MD, Spencer J. Melby, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 102, Issue 4, Pages 1181-1188 (October 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066 Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Time course of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) onset after cardiac operation by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for freedom from POAF. (Hr = hour.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, 1181-1188DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Scatter plots of all baseline and postoperative plasma (A) potassium, (B) magnesium, and (C) creatinine levels through 120 postoperative hours (Hr) (5 days). Time 0 represents time of exit from operating room. Trend lines represent moving average (Loess curve) throughout the time period. Compared with controls, patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) had higher postoperative potassium (p < 0.001), magnesium (p < 0.001), and creatinine (p < 0.001) levels. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, 1181-1188DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 (A, B) Incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and (C, D) Kaplan-Meier analysis of freedom from POAF based on quintile grouping of plasma (A, C) potassium or (B, D) magnesium levels at atrial fibrillation (AF) onset or matched time point. Numbers above bars represent number of patients per respective quintile group. A higher potassium or magnesium quintile was associated with a higher probability of POAF occurrence. (Hr = hour; + = patient censored.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, 1181-1188DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Mean (A) potassium and (B) magnesium levels at atrial fibrillation (AF) onset or matched time point were higher in patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) versus controls, regardless of procedure type (coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] or valve ± CABG). Numbers above bars represent number of patients per respective group, p values represent POAF versus control within respective procedure type. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, 1181-1188DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) based on quintile grouping of plasma (A) potassium or (B) magnesium level at atrial fibrillation (AF) onset or matched time point, subdivided by procedure type (coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] or valve ± CABG). Numbers above bars represent number of patients per respective group. A higher potassium or magnesium quintile was associated with a higher probability of POAF occurrence regardless of procedure type. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2016 102, 1181-1188DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066) Copyright © 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions