Introduction to Global History and Geography

On your white board, list the continents and oceans of the world Open your introduction packet and label the continents and oceans One more try! http://www.studystack.com/studyslide-1648270

World Continents And Oceans

Geography and its Impact on Civilizations Protects civilization from invasion/war Prevents cultural diffusion: when civilizations interact, trade and share ideas and beliefs with each other Leads to cultural diversity: civilizations live near each other but do not share ideas/beliefs

Rivers Provide civilization with drinking water, food, and fertile land for farming Sometimes flood and cause damage Makes travel easier

Mountains Act as barrier from other civilizations Poor farm land

Deserts Act as barrier from other civilizations Little water, food and no farm land

Oceans and Seas (large bodies of salt water) Acted as a barrier from other civilizations until sea travel was improved Great highways of trade (easier to travel on water than land) Rich sources of food

Rainforests Act as barrier from other civilizations Abundance of animal life and is a great source of natural resources

Plains: large area of flat land at a low elevation Good farming land Good for trade and travel No protection from invaders

Plateaus: Large area of flat land at a high elevation Usually has good farming land Sometimes the high elevation protects from invasion Hard to get a fresh water source

Primary Source- a firsthand record of the event by a person who actually experienced the event Diary/journal Photographs/film footage Auto-biography Letters Official records (census, logs) Documents (treaty, constitution, etc.)

Secondary Source- a secondhand record created by a person who did NOT actually experience the event Textbook Novel Magazine article Biography Encyclopedia Timeline

Facts- agreed upon and accepted truths that cannot be disputed Ex: George Washington was born in February Ex: Humans are mammals Ex: (Create your own)

Opinions- a belief or judgement Ex: If you have a cold you should stay home from school Ex: Gandhi was the greatest leader in India Ex: (Create your own)

On your white board, write down any number Next to the number either write “BC”, “BCE”, “CE”, “AD”, or Arrange yourselves chronologically in a line Write down a new date on your white board Arrange yourselves chronologically in a line WITHOUT talking

Time Frames BCE= Before Common Era CE= Common Era (Before Christ) (Anno Domini- year of our lord) Time Frames BCE= Before Common Era CE= Common Era

Write a letter to your grandma/aunt/ etc Write a letter to your grandma/aunt/ etc. telling her/him all about your first day of school (ideas to consider: what you ate, what you learned, where you went, how you got there, people you met, etc.) Small groups Each person should fill out the organizer based on EVERYTHING you did, ate, saw, etc. from the time you woke up yesterday, to the time you went to bed. Analyze the results Share out Social Scientists

Historians- Study written records of past events Economists- Study how societies use available resources.

Anthropologist- Study past and present human cultures Archeologist- A type of anthropologist that studies cultures by analyzing physical remains (artifacts)

Geographers- Study the Earth’s surface and its impact on humans. Geographers often examine: Topography (physical land features) Climate Human migrations (movement) The ways in which people adapt to their environments

What are some different types of maps used to interpret Geography? Different maps can be used to show different things about the earth’s geography Different maps work together with history to explain culture in different areas

Political Map: Used to show man-made boundaries such as countries, states, counties, towns, etc.

Physical /Topgraphical Map: Used to show the physical features of an area (mountains, rivers, lakes, etc.)

Democracy Definition: Examples: Type of government in which the people have the power Examples: Ancient Athens (First democracy) USA

Republic Definition: A type of democracy in which people elect representatives Example: USA

Monarchy Definition: Examples: Type of government in which a King or Queen rules (Limited Monarch= King’s power is limited (usually by a constitution) (Absolute Monarchy= King’s power is absolute) Examples: King Henry VIII of England King Louis XIV of France

Dictatorship/ Totalitarian/ Absolute Definition: Type of government in which one person has absolute control and makes all of the decisions Examples: China under Mao Zedong Germany under Hitler Soviet Union under Stalin

Climate Map: Used to show how average temperatures vary across the globe

Population Map: Used to show how many people live in certain areas of the world

Resource Map: Used to show what/the amount of natural resources available in an area

Anytime you see a map, make sure to read the: Title Key Labels Scale Additional notes (see review book for practice)

Latitude and Longitude

TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

Theocracy Definition: Examples: Type of government based on religion Iran Vatican City Mali under Mansa Musa

Anarchy Definition: Examples: No government/ lawlessness Periods of time during the Middle Ages

Types of Economies What should be produced. How should it be produced Types of Economies What should be produced? How should it be produced? Should individuals have control? Should the government ever step in?

Traditional Economy People trade goods and services with each other until they receive what they want Don’t use money Examples: Early civilizations Tribal groups

Manorialism An economic system in Medieval Europe in which lords owned manors (areas of land) that were self-sufficient (provided for its own needs)

Mercantilism System in which the colony produces raw materials for the mother country, who turns them into manufactured good and sells them back for a profit (benefits the mother country)

Mother Country (ex. Spain, Portugal, England, France) Mercantilism Colony (ex. New Spain, Peru) Mother Country (ex. Spain, Portugal, England, France)

Market Economy/ Free- market/ Capitalism Economic decisions are made by individuals based on supply and demand Good: individual choice, competition motivates people to work harder, people try to make a profit Bad: bigger gap between rich and poor

Geography and its Impact on Civilizations