Intracellular free calcium accumulation in ferret vascular smooth muscle during crystalloid and blood cardioplegic infusions Motohisa Tofukuji, MD, PhDa,

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Intracellular free calcium accumulation in ferret vascular smooth muscle during crystalloid and blood cardioplegic infusions Motohisa Tofukuji, MD, PhDa, Naruto Matsuda, MD, PhDa, Chantal Dessy, PhDb, Kathleen G. Morgan, PhDb, Frank W. Sellke, MDa The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 118, Issue 1, Pages 163-172 (July 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8 Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Coronary smooth muscle intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) at baseline after 1 hour of cardioplegic infusion corresponding to ratios of fluorescence at 350 nm to that at 390 nm with fura2. K+-BCP, Cold blood cardioplegic infusion; K+-CCP, calcium-free hyperkalemic cardioplegic infusion; Mg2+-CCP, calcium free-hypermagnesemic cardioplegic infusion; CGI, cold global ischemia. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 6 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Percentage contraction of initial internal diameter of microvessels in response to application of 50 mmol/L potassium chloride after cardioplegic infusion. K+-BCP, Cold blood cardioplegic infusion; K+-CCP, calcium-free hyperkalemic cardioplegic infusion; Mg2+-CCP, calcium-free hypermagnesemic cardioplegic infusion; CGI, cold global ischemia. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 6 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Percentage increase from baseline of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to application of 50 mmol/L potassium chloride after cardioplegic infusion. K+-BCP, Cold blood cardioplegic infusion; K+-CCP, calcium-free hyperkalemic cardioplegic infusion; Mg2+-CCP, calcium free-hypermagnesemic cardioplegic infusion; CGI, cold global ischemia. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 6 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Percentage contraction of initial internal diameter of nonischemic microvessels in response to application of hyperkalemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution and calcium-free hypermagnesemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution at 4°C and 37°C in nonischemic microvessels. K+-CCP, Calcium-free hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution; Mg2+-CCP, calcium free-hypermagnesemic cardioplegic solution. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 4 to 5 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Increase from baseline in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to application of hyperkalemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution and hypermagnesemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution at 4°C and 37°C in nonischemic microvessels. K+-CCP, Calcium-free hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution; Mg2+-CCP, calcium-free hypermagnesemic cardioplegic solution. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 4 to 5 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Increase from baseline in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) after application of hyperkalemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution with 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion and hypermagnesemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution with 1.0 calcium ion at 4°C and 37°C in nonischemic microvessels. K+/1.0Ca2+-CCP, Hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution containing 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion; Mg2+/1.0Ca2+-CCP, hypermagnesemic cardioplegic solution containing 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 4 to 5 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Percentage contraction of initial internal diameter of nonischemic microvessels after application of hyperkalemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution with 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion and hypermagnesemic crystalloid cardioplegic solution with 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion at 4°C and 37°C in nonischemic microvessels. K+/1.0Ca2+-CCP, Hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution containing 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion; Mg2+/1.0Ca2+-CCP, hypermagnesemic cardioplegic solution containing 1.0 mmol/L calcium ion. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 4 to 5 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 8 Increase from baseline in coronary smooth muscle intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to application of calcium-free hyperkalemic 1.0 mmol/L magnesium crystalloid cardioplegic solution (K+/1.0Mg2+-CCP) at 4°C and 37°C in nonischemic microvessels. Boxes represent mean; error bars indicate SD; n = 4 to 5 for each group. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1999 118, 163-172DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(99)70155-8) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions