Classification of Matter

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Presentation transcript:

Classification of Matter

Two Classifications of Matter Pure Substance Mixture

Pure Substance A pure substance has the same composition throughout and does not vary from sample to sample.

Classification of Pure Substances Elements Compounds

Elements Elements are the basic building blocks of matter They can not be decomposed by a chemical change Each element has a unique set of chemical and physical properties All elements are composed of atoms ( the basic unit of matter) Elements are represented by symbols- the 1st letter is always capitalized and the last letter is lower case (ex. Na)

Examples: Properties of Cl: Properties of Na: Gas Solid Yellow Sodium Chlorine Properties of Cl: Gas Yellow Poisonous Properties of Na: Solid Grey metal Reacts violently with water

Let’s explore more elements and their properties:

Compounds Compounds are composed of two or more elements. Elements in a compound have had their physical and chemical properties altered as a result of being chemically bonded via a chemical reaction. Compounds can be decomposed into two or more simpler compounds or elements by a chemical change.

Compounds are represented by: Chemical Formulas which use element symbols and subscripts to show which elements and how many are in the compound. Ex. NaCl, MgCl2

Examples: Properties of NaCl: Sodium Chloride Solid White 2Na + Cl2  2NaCl Properties of NaCl: Solid White Does not react with water. Sodium Chloride **Notice how the unique properties of the elements in the compound have been changed.

Mixtures A mixture contains more than one substance. The composition of a mixture can vary from sample to sample; however, each component of a mixture retains its own unique physical and chemical properties. Mixtures can be separated by physical means.

Classification of Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Homogeneous Mixtures Lemonade Vinegar Homogeneous mixtures are also known as solutions. They have a uniform composition and the components can not be seen as separate. Lemonade Vinegar

Heterogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures do not have a uniform composition and the components can be seen as separate. Granite Pizza

Separation Techniques Filtration Distillation Crystallization Chromatography

Filtrations Used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. The mixture is poured through a piece of paper which allows the liquid part to pass and catches the solid portion.

Distillations Used to separate homogeneous mixtures. This technique takes advantage of different boiling points.

Crystallization Used to separate homogeneous mixtures. The liquid portion is allowed to evaporate and the solid portion remains behind as a crystal.

Chromotography Separation occurs by allowing a mixture to flow along a stationary substance (usually chromotography paper).