ENZYMES

Can You Recall?? Enzymes are made up of which biomolecule? The building blocks for enzymes are…

ENZYMES: Speedy Proteins!

IMPORTANCE OF ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts that: Increase reaction rates (100-1000x faster!!!) Lower the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction are NOT changed or used up Can be used over and over again!

ENZYME STRUCTURE Active Site: Site where reactant binds to enzyme Substrate: The reactant the enzyme can work on

The substrate fits like a “key” into the enzyme’s “lock” (active site). Enzymes are very specific about which types of substrates they can work on.

Turn to a partner Explain why only the red shape will work in this enzyme. Include the terms enzyme, substrate, active site, and specific.

Most enzymes are named after the substrate they work on (usually ending in “-ase”). Lactose (substrate) Peptide bonds (substrate) Lactase (enzyme) Peptidase (enzyme)

Product Chemical produced by the reaction

Turn to a Partner

Factors that affect enzyme activity

1) INHIBITORS Substances that interfere with the action of the enzyme

2 Types of Inhibitors

Noncompetitive Inhibitors Do NOT block the active site but bind at a different site causing the shape of the active site to change so the substrate can no longer bind.

Competitive Inhibitors Block the active site so the substrate cannot bind.

2) Denaturing Changes the shape of the active site Substrate can no longer fit in the active site Enzymes can become natured in two ways:

1) pH There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

2) Temperature There is a range of tolerance specific to each enzyme

Cornell Summary