Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury: Effects on the liver sinusoidal milieu  Carmen Peralta, Mónica B. Jiménez-Castro, Jordi Gracia-Sancho  Journal of Hepatology  Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages 1094-1106 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.017 Copyright © 2013 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Hepatocyte phenotype deregulations due to ischemia and reperfusion injury. A summary of the molecular mechanisms affecting the hepatocyte is given, the specific modifications due to I/R are indicated in red. AC, adenine cyclase; AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase; ADP, adenine diphosphate; ATP, adenine triphosphate; A2aR, A2A adenosine receptor; Ang, angiotensin; cAMP, 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FBPase-1, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase; GK, glucokinase; GSH, gluthatione; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; HSPs, heat shock proteins; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NO, nitric oxide; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; O2−, superoxide; OAA, oxaloacetic acid; ONOO−, peroxynitrite; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PFK, phosphofructokinase; PK, protein kinase; RBP4, retinol-binding protein 4; SOD, superoxide dismutase; UPR, unfolded protein response; X/XOD, xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Journal of Hepatology 2013 59, 1094-1106DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.017) Copyright © 2013 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Liver endothelial deregulations and sinusoidal cellular interactions during ischemia and reperfusion injury. A summary of the molecular mechanisms affecting the liver sinusoidal cells is shown, the specific alterations due to I/R are indicated in red. CAM, cell adhesion molecule; cGMP, cyclic guanilate monophosphate; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ESAM, endothelial selective adhesion molecule; ET-1, endothelin 1; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; HSC, hepatic stellate cell; IL-1, interleukin 1; ICAM, intracellular cell adhesion molecule; KLF2, Kruppel-like factor 2; KC, Kupffer cell; LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; MMPs, metalloproteinases; NO, nitric oxide; O2−, superoxide; OH−, hydroxyl; ONOO−, peroxynitrite; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ROCK, rho kinase; TM, thrombomodulin; vWF, von Willebrand factor. Journal of Hepatology 2013 59, 1094-1106DOI: (10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.017) Copyright © 2013 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions

Journal of Hepatology 2013 59, 1094-1106DOI: (10. 1016/j. jhep. 2013 Copyright © 2013 European Association for the Study of the Liver Terms and Conditions