Exogenous aspartate neurotoxicity in the spinal cord under metabolic stress in vivo Yasunori Cho, MD, Toshihiko Ueda, MD, Atsuo Mori, MD, Tsukasa Nakamichi,

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Exogenous aspartate neurotoxicity in the spinal cord under metabolic stress in vivo Yasunori Cho, MD, Toshihiko Ueda, MD, Atsuo Mori, MD, Tsukasa Nakamichi, MD, Hideyuki Shimizu, MD, Yoshito Inoue, MD, Shiaki Kawada, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 70, Issue 5, Pages 1496-1500 (November 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01835-X

Fig 1 Schematic illustration of the synaptic components that contribute to excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity. (1) Release of excitatory amino acids. (2) Excitatory transmission. (3) Regulation of extracellular excitatory amino acid concentrations by rapid high affinity reuptake systems. (4) Mechanisms that lead to excitatory amino acid receptor mediated neuronal injury. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1496-1500DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01835-X)

Fig 2 Representative photomicrographs of histologic sections of the spinal cord demonstrating severe and extensive gray matter necrosis. (A) Section from group A, × 26, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol-fast blue. (B) Section from group A, × 130, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol-fast blue. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1496-1500DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01835-X)

Fig 3 Representative photomicrographs of histologic sections of the spinal cord showing normal histology. (A) Section from group B, × 26, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol-fast blue. (B) Section from group B, × 130, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol-fast blue. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1496-1500DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01835-X)

Fig 4 Representative photomicrographs of histologic sections of the spinal cord. Note that the spinal cord neurons were protected by (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptan-5,10-imine (MK-801) against aspartate infusion. (A) Section from group D, × 26, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol-fast blue. (B) Section from group D, × 130, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol-fast blue. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1496-1500DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01835-X)