Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose 6 CHAPTER Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose

What does the receiver need to know? 1. Research What does the receiver need to know?

Formal Research Method (Continued) Formal Research Method For: - Long reports - Complex business problems Electronically Internet Databases CDs Manually Libraries Book indexes Encyclopedias Journal Articles Primary Sources Interviews Questionnaires Focus groups Experimentation Scientific Controlled variables

Informal Research Method (Continued) Informal Research Method Brainstorm For: - Routine tasks - Projects Look in files Talk to your boss Audience Interview Survey Questionnaires Telephone Create agenda Short time limits Quantity / Quality ALL must participate WILD thinking Organize ideas

Understand relationships & accept views 2. Organize Understand relationships & accept views

VS. 2. Organize Lists Outlines (Continued) Quick Directly on letter Ideas to cover Hierarchy Organize thoughts Topic Major points Support Formats: Alphanumeric Decimal

2. Organize Direct Patterns Indirect Patterns (Continued) Expected audience: Pleased Somewhat interested Neutral Main point  Details Typical: Routine requests Informational presentations Expected audience: Displeased Uninterested Hostile Message types: Bad / Sensitive news Require persuasion Typical: Time Up front Avoid frustration Prepared receiver Fair hearing Minimize (–) reaction

3. Compose In a quiet environment

3. Compose Effective sentences (Continued) Write quickly Avoid: Short Fragment Run-on Comma splice Short 20 or – Emphasize ideas: Underline / Bold / Italics Vivid words Label idea @ first or last Simple Make the subject

3. Compose Modifiers Active VS. Passive (Continued) Dangling: Describes missing word Who? What? Misplaced: Word described is too far Who? Solution: Move closer to word it describes Active Passive Subjet Doer Acted upon Sentences Direct Indirect Easy & Short Soften Business Writing Most Emphasize, de-emphasize & conceal

3. Compose Paragraphs Paragraph Plans (Continued) ONE topic 8 or – Main idea @ first Links ideas Key Pronouns Dovetail Transition 3 sentence types: Main Supporting Limiting Direct Immediate clarification Define, classify, illustrate, describe Pivoting Start with limiting Compare / Contrast Indirect Start with supporting Bad news

Bibliography Business Communication, Comm 212. "Writing Process Phase 2: Research, Organize, Compose." Business Communication: Process and Product. Toronto: Nelson Educaton, 2012. 111- 134. Print.

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