Baseball Chapter 17: Urinary System Take careful notes on any questions you miss

Questions: Identify the structure labeled AE Answer: Descending Aorta What is the scientific term for the process that expels urine from the bladder? (hint: it is not urination!) Answer: Micturition

Answer: Right Renal Artery Questions: Name vessel D? Answer: Right Renal Artery What is area AB? Answer: adrenal gland

Questions: What is area 9? Answer: renal capsule In which structure is urine stored until it can be expelled from the body, give letter & name it! Answer: BD (urinary bladder)

Questions: Name & indicate function of the structure labeled with *? Answer: Ureters carry urine from the kidney to the bladder *

What is the name of the structure labeled with the arrow? Questions: What is the name of the structure labeled with the arrow? Answer: Glomerulus

What comprises the renal corpuscle? Questions: This term is used to describe glucose in the urine. Answer: Glucosuria What comprises the renal corpuscle? Answer: Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

Questions: What type of cells would be found in the area ? Answer: Brush Border What urine color would you associated with jaundice/bacterial infection? Answer: Green 

What is the normal pH of urine? Questions: An individual is suffering from chronic kidney failure, what would be the result of their Benedict’s & Biuret tests? Answer: - Benedict’s = no sugar + Biuret = excess proteins What is the normal pH of urine? Answer: 4.5-8.0

Questions: Identify the structure labeled 3 Answer: peritubular capillaries If urine smells like over-ripe apples, what condition may be suspected? Answer: Acetouria/Diabetes

The color of urine depends on the [ ] of what substance? Questions: Indicate the blood vessel defined by area #8 Answer: Interlobar The color of urine depends on the [ ] of what substance? Answer: Urochrome

Questions: What structures on the epithelial cells greatly increase the surface area & enhance reabsorption? Answer: Microvilli Why can women pee on a “stick” to determine if they are pregnant? Answer: Pregnant females produce the hormone HCG which can be found in urine 8-10 days after fertilization.

These are the final branches of the interlobular arteries Questions: These are the final branches of the interlobular arteries Answer: Afferent arterioles The arteries between the arterioles & arcuate arteries are called …? Answer: Interlobular

These cells along with JG cells form the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Questions: Identify the structure labeled 5 Answer: arcuate vein These cells along with JG cells form the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Answer: Macula Densa

This term is used to describe the position of the kidneys Questions: Identify the #21 blood vessel Answer: interlobular This term is used to describe the position of the kidneys Answer: retroperitoneal

Questions: What is pyuria? Answer: pus (WBC) in urine Identify the structure labeled w/ the red arrow Answer: urethra What is pyuria? Answer: pus (WBC) in urine

What is the function of albumin in the body? Questions: What is the function of area 9? Answer: Primary site of tubular reabsorption What is the function of albumin in the body? Answer: Regulates the osmotic [ ] of the blood

Questions: What is nephroptosis? Answer: a movable or displaced kidney If a person has a UTI, what type of cells would you expect to find in their urine? Answer: WBC What is nephroptosis? Answer: a movable or displaced kidney

Questions: True or False: Aldosterone & ADH can stimulate the reabsorption of water and sodium. Answer: True

Which tube represents a + Benedict’s test? Questions: Which tube represents a + Benedict’s test? Tube on the right (Orange) Name the 3 main stages of urine formation in the order they occur. Answer: Filtration, Reabsorption & Secretion

What is polydipsia? Questions: Answer: Great dehydration which results in feelings of thirst Suppose a urine sample revealed abnormal results, such as protein in the urine. If there is a result differing from the norm (i.e., color, pH, substances present), should the physician always make an immediate diagnosis of a disorder? Why or why not? Answer: Physician may test the urine several times over a certain time period before drawing any conclusions. Changes in urine, such as the presence of certain substances, can sometimes be due to temporary chemical imbalances, heavy exercise or diet.

What is hydronephrosis? Questions: What is hydronephrosis? Answer: backup of urine into the kidney (often due to blocked ureter) If your kidneys secrete renin, what will happen? Answer: Renin is an enzyme that works to increase blood pressure

Questions: What are casts & how do they formed? Answer: molds that are precipitates of proteins & agglutinations of cells (several types: hyaline, epithelial, granular (coarse and fine), fatty, waxy, red-blood cell, and white-blood cell. )

Questions: Urinalysis is performed, what does a + Benedict’s mean? Answer: Excess sugar in the urine. Elevated concentrations of uric acid in the plasma cause this condition. Answer: Gout