Biology Unit 3 Test Review 4/28/16 Student will be able to demonstrate mastery over material in Unit 3 by answering at least 80% of the questions correctly in class. You can chat until class starts, but don’t share emails or links to websites and be nice  Start class only 2 minutes after hour . . . It is a big day! Have student read the objective for the day File Transfer the Notes sheet they should use Don’t worry—I promise today will be WAAAY more helpful than grumpy cat

Announcements! Want vocabulary practice for all of Unit 3? Check this link out: https://quizlet.com/_vzo1c Your test is available in your NEWS headlines on 4/28.

Cell processes, diffusion, mitosis, meiosis and more! Biology Unit 3 Review! Cell processes, diffusion, mitosis, meiosis and more!

What is the name of this process? What organisms do this? Cellular Respiration Glucose Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis These require oxygen! Fermentation These don’t require oxygen What is the name of this process? What organisms do this?

Cellular Respiration  Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Fermentation Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid during glycolysis. Glycolysis makes 4 ATP & NADH (an electron carrier) Then (if there is oxygen) the pyruvic acid enters aerobic respiration (Kreb cycle and ETC) The Kreb cycle makes electron carriers and the ETC makes LOTS and LOTS of ATP If there is no oxygen, fermentation happens instead Do you make more ATP with or without Oxygen?

Light DEPENDENT Reactions Light INDEPENDENT Reactions Photosynthesis! Sunlight energizes electrons in chlorophyll Light DEPENDENT Reactions Oxygen ATP NADPH Light INDEPENDENT Reactions Glucose! Photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast of plants Photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration! What is another name for the light INDEPENDENT reactions? (Calvin Cycle)

Mitosis! Chromosomes are coiled up DNA segments of DNA are genes Mitosis happens in body cells (somatic cells) Mitosis has four phases (P-MAT): Prophase: chromosomes coil up, nucleus dissolves Metaphase: chromosomes Meet in the middle Anaphase: chromosomes move to opposite sides Telophase: cells begin to split Cell Life Cycle:

Gametes are produced during Meiosis Mitosis vs. Meiosis Gametes are sex cells made through meiosis Gametes have half the amount of genetic information, so they are HAPLOID. Body cells are DIPLOID & made during mitosis Asexual reproduction makes identical offspring! Sexual reproduction creates diversity Gametes are produced during Meiosis

Differentiation Cell Differentiation makes different types of cells! Stem cells (in animals) and meristem cells (in plants) divide and differentiate into specialized cells Stem cells!

You are running from pack of lions You are running from pack of lions! After half a mile of sprinting, your muscle cells start to run low on oxygen. What process will take place after glycolysis to make sure your cells continue to make energy? The Kreb cycle The electron transport chain Fermentation Panic Both A and B NOTE: Both A and B take place after glycolysis but only when oxygen is available.

What is true about the Kreb Cycle? Acetyl-CoA combines to make glucose in the Krebs cycle The Krebs cycle produces electron carriers for the electron transport chain. Oxygen is a waste product of the Krebs cycle. (Nope, CO2 is) All of the above The Kreb Cycle is CONFUSING (The NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers)

How is ATP produced during the electron transport chain. (this is hard The electron carriers NADPH and FADH2 combine to form ATP Oxygen and water combine to form ATP Water is broken down to form ATP Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane to create a gradient (See next slide )

Let’s look at a picture! Where is the “HIGH” concentration of H+ ions?

Like a Hoover Dam! But instead of water, it is H+ ions “spinning a turbine”

What is the chemical food source for plants? Oxygen Sunlight Water Glucose People! 

When plants do cellular respiration, what do they make? Plants only do photosynthesis, not cellular respiration They make Oxygen They make Glucose They make ATP They make Chlorophyll

Yep, that’s right. Plants AND animals make ATP! Amoeba Sisters YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixA8ZXx0KU

Light DEPENDENT reactions of photosynthesis make ATP and NADPH and a by-product of Oxygen Light INDEPENDENT reactions of photosynthesis make GLUCOSE! Remember us talking about them taking their ATP and NADPH into the dark to cook the sweet stuff?

What is the main purpose of the light DEPENDENT reactions of photosynthesis? (No flashlight needed) To produce ATP and NADPH for the next stage of photosynthesis To convert carbon dioxide into oxygen To break down glucose To create glucose from carbon in carbon dioxide To create oxygen for us to breathe

Light DEPENDENT Reactions Light INDEPENDENT Reactions Sunlight energizes electrons in chlorophyll Light DEPENDENT Reactions Oxygen ATP NADPH Light INDEPENDENT Reactions Glucose!

What is the main purpose of the light INDEPENDENT reactions of photosynthesis? Energizing electrons Producing oxygen Using up carbon dioxide Producing glucose Producing ATP

A gene is a _________________. segment of DNA complete protein type of clothing (don’t pick this) polysaccharide sugar segment of protein See notes from Tuesday 

As a penguin grows larger (like from a zygote to a baby penguin), which process takes place in its somatic (body) cells to make it grow?

As a baby penguin grows larger, what process occurs in its body (somatic) cells? Meiosis produces new body cells Meiosis splits the number of chromosomes Mitosis causes haploid cells to be made Mitosis makes copies of the cell nuclei.

Cell Differentiation leads to various organs which become organ systems. Fill in the blanks: Cells  _tissues_  Organs  _organ systems_  Organism

What is true of gametes? Gametes are sex cells like sperm and egg Gametes are haploid (have half the number of chromosomes) Gametes are diploid All of the above Both A and B

Oxygen is used and ATP is made ATP is used and carbon dioxide is made Bigfoot undergoes cellular respiration, just like humans. What happens in that process? Oxygen is released Glucose is released Oxygen is used and ATP is made ATP is used and carbon dioxide is made Carbon dioxide and glucose are made

Chromosomes line up at the middle Chromosomes split to two cells What happens to the chromosomes during mitosis—after the nuclear envelope breaks down? (Hint: After P) Chromosomes line up at the middle Chromosomes split to two cells Chromosomes pair up as homologous chromosomes and cross over Nuclear envelope reforms to protect DNA Mutation

Study Hard for the TEST! Good luck!