Greece at War

Two Major Wars: Persian Wars Peloponnesian Wars

The Persian Wars

Refresh your memory! Persian Empire Strongest ____ power in ancient world Greece’s neighbor

Persian Leadership ____ : Emperor of Persia Decides to conquer Greece Gathered a huge army and navy and tried to invade Greece What does Greece do?

All the Greek City-States ____ to fight Persia!

Persian Wars Persian Wars = many battles between ____ and ____ Important Battles Marathon Salamis Thermopylae

Marathon The Greeks were ____ Charged the Persians and won! (6,000 Persians died, 192 Greeks died)

Marathon Pheidippides A Greek messenger Ran from Marathon to Athens with news of the victory Athens was 26.2 miles away Shouted “Nike!!!” and died of exhaustion Beginnings of the marathon race

Nike Goddess of ____

King Xerxes Emperor of Persia, son of Darius

Thermopylae Thermopylae = ____ Persians vs. 7,000 Greeks 300 of whom were ____ under the leadership of ____ of Sparta They were sent to delay the Persians

Thermopylae The Spartans held out for ____! They were ____ by a Greek traitor

Phalanx ____, rows of soldiers standing shoulder-to- shoulder

Persians invade Greece The Persians found ____ abandoned. So they burned and destroyed the city. The Persians found a Greek who “____” the location of the Greek fleet. BUT…

It’s a ____!! – The Battle of Salamis Greek navy vs. Persians Greek vessels = smaller, more ____ Greeks easily ____

Results of the Persian Wars Persians ____ to Asia Minor and never invaded Greece again!! Greeks controlled ____ area Because of absence of outside threat, Greece was able to develop the cultural and political ____ that still influence us today!!!

How do we know so much about this war? ??????? Ex: _____ - the “Father of History”

Pericles and the Golden Age of Greece (We’ll come back to this)

The Peloponnesian Wars

Cause of the Peloponnesian Wars Sparta ____ League Athens ____ League

Alliance: a friendship formed for mutual benefit The Leagues Each is an ____ of city- states Alliance: a friendship formed for mutual benefit

Plague: widespread disease Peloponnesian Wars Peloponnesian League attacked ____ ALSO – Athens was hit by a ____ because of crowded conditions… 25% of population died Plague: widespread disease

Peloponnesian Wars Sparta made a deal with ____ : Sparta gave ____ to Persia Persia supplied gold for Sparta to build ____

Peloponnesian Wars ____ wins!

Results of Peloponnesian Wars Spartan leadership ____ Greece  Sparta tried to ____ and rule Greece BUT… Greek city-states ____ Cultural development ____ Unemployment ____ Men became ____ (hired soldiers) in Persian army Greece ____

How do we know so much about this war? ??????? _________