Macromolecules Cells 3.0

Organic Compounds Organic Compounds- contain the element (C- carbon) are essential to all known life on earth. Without Carbon, life as we know it would not exist.

Organic or Inorganic Game

Organic/Inorganic practice

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Macromolecules Large molecules that form when smaller molecules combine

Macromolecules There are four Macromolecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Protein 3. Lipid 4. Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrates Chains of one or more sugar molecules

Carbohydrates Elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

Supply energy for cell processes Carbohydrates Function Supply energy for cell processes Form plant structures Provide structural support Short-term energy storage Communication between cells

Carbohydrates Examples: Sugars(glucose/fructose) starches Cellulose Pasta, Cereal, Fruit, Veggies Other: Humans can’t digest the cellulose!

Carbohydrate Structure

Protein Long chains of Amino Acids They are necessary for almost everything cells do

Protein Elements Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Sulfur (S)

Protein Regulate cell processes Provide/Build cell structure Function Regulate cell processes Cell communication Transportation Provide/Build cell structure Speed up chemical reaction(enzymes)

Protein Examples: Enzymes muscles antibodies blood clots Collagen: skin, ligaments, hair, tendons, bone

Protein Proteins are determined by the sequence of DNA and RNA Other: Proteins are determined by the sequence of DNA and RNA The shape is determined by how the amino acids fold

Protein Structure

Lipid Macromolecules that don’t dissolve in water

Lipid Elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Phosphorus (P)

Lipid Store LARGE amount of energy LONG term and release when needed Function: Store LARGE amount of energy LONG term and release when needed Form protective boundaries around cells(membranes)

Lipid Examples: Fats, oils Waxes Hormones Steroids Phospholipids Cholesterol Vitamin A

Lipids There are 2 kinds of lipids

Lipids Saturated fats: All carbon atoms are bonded to two hydrogen atoms Solid at room temperature Animals fats

Lipids Unsaturated Fats: Some carbon atoms are linked by a double bond with only one hydrogen atom Liquid at room temperature Plant oils, olive oil, fish oils

Lipid Structure

Nucleic Acids Form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together

Nucleic Acids Phosphate group Sugar group Base Nucleotides consists of 3 parts Phosphate group Sugar group Base

Nucleic Acids Elements: Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P)

Nucleic Acids Carry genetic(heritable) information. Function Carry genetic(heritable) information. Used to make proteins.

Nucleic Acids Examples DNA DeoxyriboNucleicAcid RNA RiboNucleicAcid

Nucleic Acids Other The order of Nucleotides is important Change the order, change the genetic information.

Nucleic Acid Structure (Bases: Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine; Uracil)

Nucleic Acid Structure