Iatrogenic mammary arteriovenous fistula caused by sternal wire Jacobo Silva, MD, José Gonzalez-Santos, MD, Marı́a Pérez, MD, Manuel Ruiz, MD, José L. Vallejo, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 66, Issue 4, Pages 1398-1399 (October 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00722-X
Fig 1 Computed tomogram showing the enlarged left internal mammary artery and vein, and a contrast-enhanced formation of presternal localization. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998 66, 1398-1399DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00722-X)
Fig 2 Magnetic resonance imaging shows the pseudoaneurysm connected to the left internal mammary vein via a thin structure. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998 66, 1398-1399DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00722-X)
Fig 3 Selective angiography shows a communication between the left internal mammary artery and the left internal mammary vein and the presence of a pseudoaneurysm. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998 66, 1398-1399DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00722-X)