A Greek hoplite. The hoplite style of fighting was probably introduced to italy by Greek colonists. The hoplite was more than a military evolution, it.

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A Greek hoplite. The hoplite style of fighting was probably introduced to italy by Greek colonists. The hoplite was more than a military evolution, it signaled social and political changes. The development of the hoplite marked a growth in Rome’s population and that a significant portion of that population owned land.

Lorica squamata – scale armour that was made of either iron or bronze varying in size wired together and swen into fabric. Lorica Segmentata – segemented armour supported by leather straps and bronze fittings. Assumed adoption date is AD 9 from excavations at Kalkriese. Russel Robinson sucessfully reconstructed the lorica segmentata from 3 cuirasses at Corbridge, south of Hadrian's Wall

Starting from the left, Mainz-type gladius, Pompeii style gladius and a longer spatha.

A diagram based upon Polybius’ description of the marching camp laid out by a consular army of two legions and two alae

A diagram of a legionary fortress excavated in Caerleon South Wales occupied by Legio II Augusta for two centuries. No two fortresses appear to be absolutely identical.

The corvus (raven) was used by the newly constructed Roman naval fleet during the First Punic War.