April 16, 2015 Subject Area: Ch: 4 Sec: 1 Understanding Rock EQ: How has rock effected life on this planet? Questions What are two characteristics used to classify rock? Agenda Roll Chapter 4 Section 1 “Understanding Rock” Video: “The Hard Facts” Come in Quietly and sit at your desk, open to your notes, write the new question, and wait quietly for class to begin.

Understanding Rock Rock is simply a solid mixture of crystals and one or more minerals.

Value of Rock Rock has been an important natural resource as long as humans have existed. Humans used rocks for hammers, arrowheads, spear points, knives and scrapers.

Value of Rock Rock has also been used for centuries to make buildings, roads, and monuments.

Value of Rock The study of rock has helped scientists get answers about the history of the Earth and the solar system.

Value of Rock Fossils are rocks that help scientists find out more about the history of life on the Earth. What are two ways rock is important to humans today? Response: Two ways rock is useful to humans today are …

The Rock Cycle The rock cycle is the process by which one rock type changes into another.

The Rock Cycle Grains of sand and sediment are eroded and washed into the sea. Eventually, the grains of sediment are pressed and cemented together, forming Sedimentary Rock

The Rock Cycle Lower levels in the Earth “cooks” and squeezes sedimentary rock changing it into metamorphic rock.

The Rock Cycle If the metamorphic rock gets surrounded by magma it can melt and become part of the magma.

Rocks, Fossils, and Earth History What did you know? _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? 3. What do you want to know?

The Rock Cycle The magma will then rise to or near the surface, where it will cool and solidify, creating igneous rock.

The Rock Cycle The igneous rock can then erode and weather into grains of sand and clay, thus starting the process all over again. 8:00

Three Types of Rock The three types of rock, Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic, can become any other type of rock. There is no beginning and no end to the Rock Cycle. How can the rock types change from one type into another? Response: Rock types can change from one type to another by …

Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock is rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together.

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock is rock that forms when the texture and composition of a preexisting rock is changed by heat or pressure deep underground.

Igneous Rock Igneous rock is rock that forms from the cooling of magma. When magma flows to the Earth’s surface it is called Lava. What are the three major rock types? Response: The three major rock types are …

Classifying Rock Scientists will classify rock using two different criteria, composition and texture.

Composition The minerals a rock is made of determines the composition of the rock.

Texture The texture of a rock is determined by the size, shape, and positions of the grain of which it is made. Each rock type has a different kind of texture. What is the difference between texture and composition? Response: The difference between texture and composition is …

Fine-grained

Medium-grained 6:00

Rocks and Minerals: The Hard Facts What did you know? _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? 3. What do you want to know?

The Three Rocks What did you know? _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? 3. What do you want to know?

Boneheads What did you know? _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? 3. What do you want to know?