The Scientific Method

The scientific method (or simply scientific method) is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. [1] To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.[2] The Oxford English Dictionary says that scientific method is: "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses."[3]

The chief characteristic which distinguishes a scientific method of inquiry from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let reality speak for itself, supporting a theory when a theory's predictions are confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions prove false.

However most often the scientific method is taught as “THE” method for creating understanding. It is very dogmatic in its nature. 1. Observe 2. Ask a question (based on the observation) 3. Propose a testable answer (the hypothesis) 4. Test and collect data on the proposed answer 5. Come to a conclusion based on the results of the test.

There’s much more to this. The test must be so guided as to test only the one variable that could create a change. The test must be repeatable so others can see the results for themselves and to make sure the “reported” results are true. The results must be measurable and repeatable.

The role of the hypothesis is to help create a testable proposal to a question. The hypothesis guides the questioner in setting up the test itself.

ALL of these are good practices. 1. Observe 2. Ask a question (based on the observation) 3. Propose a testable answer (the hypothesis) 4. Test and collect data on the proposed answer 5. Come to a conclusion based on the results of the test. But Are they always done in the order listed? Are they all necessary to gain new knowledge from a new observation? Can they be practiced in any order ? Are there more practices than what is listed that are used to gain scientific knowledge? Is there some purpose or advantage to putting these practices into a step by step order?

Get A Rope