Shear stresses and shear center in multiple closed contour Lecture #2 Shear stresses and shear center in multiple closed contour

SHEAR STRESSES RELATED QUESTIONS shear flows due to the shear force, with no torsion; shear center; torsion of closed contour; torsion of opened contour, restrained torsion and deplanation; shear flows in the closed contour under combined action of bending and torsion; twisting angles; shear flows in multiple-closed contours. 2

SHEAR FLOW IN MULTIPLE-CLOSED CONTOUR. STATIC INDETERMINACY The total shear flow is represented as a sum of variable part qf for an opened contour and shear flows in separate cells q0i taken with certain sign ̅qi : Here ̅qi = ±1 and is determined according to positive or negative tangential coordinate direction. If the contour has i closed contours (cells), the problem has i unknown cell flows q0i but it is statically indeterminate only i-1 times because one unknown could be evaluated from equilibrium equation. 3

MQ – moment from resultant shear force; EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION An equilibrium equation includes i unknown flows in cells q0i : Here Mq0 , Mqf – moments from constant and variable parts of shear flow, respectively; MQ – moment from resultant shear force; Wi – double area of separate i-th contour. 4

DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC TWIST ANGLES We use the formula derived at last lecture: Substituting the sum for shear flow, we get or 5

THE SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS The system of equations includes one equilibrium equation and j = i specific twist angles equations: 6

EQUIVALENT DISCRETE CROSS SECTION EXAMPLE – GIVEN DATA EQUIVALENT DISCRETE CROSS SECTION 7

EXAMPLE – DISCRETE APPROACH q11 = 6.59·10-6 °/N; q12 = - 9.65·10-7 °/N; q21 = - 7.07·10-7 °/N; q22 = 5.84·10-6 °/N; Q1F = - 0.87 °/m; Q2F = - 3.13 °/m. 8

Q = - 0.473 °/m which we calculated for similar single- EXAMPLE – DISTRIBUTED APPROACH For equilibrium equation, we have: - moment from shear flows qf : Mqf = -47.3 kN·m ; - moment from resultant shear force Qy : MQ = -15 kN·m . Solving the system of equations, we get - shear flows in contours q01 = 114.2 kN/m and q02 = 455.0 kN/m ; - specific twist angle Q = - 0.556 °/m (compare to Q = - 0.473 °/m which we calculated for similar single- closed contour) 9

10

EXAMPLE – FINAL DIAGRAM FOR DISCRETE APPROACH 11

EXAMPLE – CONTINUOUS APPROACH 12

EXAMPLE – CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE APPROACHES BEING COMPARED 13

EXAMPLE – SINGLE-CLOSED AND DOUBLE-CLOSED CONTOURS BEING COMPARED 14

SHEAR CENTER CALCULATION Firstly, we solve the following system with arbitrary chosen torsional moment MT : Next, we find torsion rigidity G·Ir = MT / QT and 15

EXAMPLE – SHEAR CENTER CALCULATION 16

… Internet is boundless … WHERE TO FIND MORE INFORMATION? Megson. An Introduction to Aircraft Structural Analysis. 2010 Chapter 22 for multiple closed cross sections … Internet is boundless … 17

Torsion of opened cross sections TOPIC OF THE NEXT LECTURE Torsion of opened cross sections All materials of our course are available at department website k102.khai.edu 1. Go to the page “Библиотека” 2. Press “Structural Mechanics (lecturer Vakulenko S.V.)” 18