Spread of a new Chlamydia trachomatis variant from men who have sex with men to the heterosexual population after replacement and recombination in ompA and pmpH genes M. Rodríguez-Domínguez, J.M. González-Alba, T. Puerta, L. Martínez-García, B. Menéndez, R. Cantón, J. del Romero, J.C. Galán Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 23, Issue 10, Pages 761-766 (October 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.009 Copyright © 2017 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 (a) Temporal evolution of Chlamydia trachomatis strains carrying the recombinant pmpH gene during the periods of time described. The pmpH-recombinant variant was detected by PCR on direct sample. (b) Annual detection of pmpH-recombinant C. trachomatis strains depending on from where the samples were taken. Solid colours represent the recombinant variant and striped colours correspond to the non-recombinant variant. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2017 23, 761-766DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.009) Copyright © 2017 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Distribution of symptomatic and asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections carrying pmpH-recombinant gene, depending on the type of the sample. Co-STD, co-infections caused by C. trachomatis and other sexually transmitted diseases simultaneously, in this series all cases were Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2017 23, 761-766DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.009) Copyright © 2017 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 (a) Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny of pmpH gene from Chlamydia trachomatis. The different pathotypes are easily differentiated (bootstrap ≥99). This phylogenetic tree was performed with all pmpH sequences available in GenBank. (b) ML phylogeny of five concatenated genes (pmpH, rs2, lysS, incE-F and ompA). Those sequences with detected recombinant events in this gene are shown in bold. The red bold sequences correspond to a recombinant closely related to pmpH found in Madrid, whereas light blue represents the recombinant variants detected in Seattle. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2017 23, 761-766DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.009) Copyright © 2017 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions
Fig. 4 Bayesian analysis of concatenated genes. Using strains belonging to recombinant pmpH variants from Madrid, non-recombinant genes were concatenated and phylogenies were obtained using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method implemented in BEAST v1.5.74 program. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2017 23, 761-766DOI: (10.1016/j.cmi.2017.03.009) Copyright © 2017 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions