Question of the Day 12) One reason why the Constitution was adopted over the Articles of Confederation was A) the Articles gave too much power to the national government. B) the states were not free to trade among themselves under the Articles. C) small states were underrepresented under the Articles of Confederation. D) Shay’s Rebellion revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Standard SSUSH5 Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; the development of political parties

The Launch of the United States Government 1791 - 1794

President Washington - #1 1) George Washington – chosen unanimously He didn’t want to do it 2) His first task: The Judiciary Act of 1789 The Supreme Court Chief Justice + 5 associate justices Set up federal courts and district courts State courts could appeal to federal courts

Washington’s Cabinet 3) The cabinet President’s chief advisors 4) Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Jefferson and Hamilton almost always disagreed 5) Hamilton – Federalist – wanted a strong, central gov’t Jefferson – wanted strong state and local gov’ts

Alexander Hamilton

Thomas Jefferson

Hamilton and Jefferson’s Feud Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury 6) National Bank – pay off the national debt Jefferson thought this was too much power for the government to have They would form the The 1st political parties 7) Washington, D.C. becomes the new capital in 1790.

Hamilton and Jefferson’s Feud 1) Hamilton and Jefferson’s feud formed political parties Jefferson’s were called Democratic – Republicans Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists

2) The Whiskey Rebellion - 1794 Took place during Washington’s term Congress put a tax on Whiskey in 1794 Caused an uprising 3) It proved the new government worked. YES Federal troops led by Washington and Hamilton dispersed the rebellion

More Trouble With The British Washington had trouble with the British They owned land in the Northwest Territory 4) Natives were given arms by the British to attack the U.S. 5) Washington decides to negotiate by sending in John Jay Jay’s Treaty with the British removes them from the Northwest Territory but the U.S. has to pay its debts off

Washington Bids Farewell / The Election of 1796 Washington refuses 3rd term as President and retires in 1796 The Election of 1796 1) Federalists nominate John Adams Democratic-Republicans nominate Thomas Jefferson John Adams wins – becomes 2nd president 2) sectionalism plays a role in the election All of the north voted for Adams All of the south voted for Jefferson The country is divided early on into “sections” – north and south

President John Adams - #2

Problems with France Adams immediately has to deal with issues, with France this time 3) The John Jay Treaty upset France because the U.S. made an agreement with Britain, their enemy France began to seize American ships in response 4) Adams tries to negotiate with French foreign minister Charles Talleyrand to avoid a war He sends three ambassadors to France Talleyrand sends three lower officials to meet the American diplomats and tries bribing them…disrespecting Adams 5) The XYZ Affair Embarrassing BUT…War is avoided

6) Alien and Sedition Acts 7) Alien Act – 1798 The President can oust any alien he wants from the U.S.A. Sedition Act - 1798 Set limits to freedom of speech Anyone who said anything against the government was punished This made Adams very unpopular…. The acts only last a year