Fig. 2 L. lactis–derived lactic acid antagonizes V

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Fig. 2 L. lactis–derived lactic acid antagonizes V

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Fig. 2 L. lactis–derived lactic acid antagonizes V Fig. 2 L. lactis–derived lactic acid antagonizes V. cholerae infection in mice. L. lactis–derived lactic acid antagonizes V. cholerae infection in mice. (A) Intragastric feeding regimens of L. lactis and inoculation time of V. cholerae to infant mice. Mock-fed mice were administered GM17 medium instead of L. lactis. (B) Effects of L. lactis intervention on infant mouse survival to cholera infection under both feeding regimens. Coadministration with V. cholerae, ***P = 0.0005; preadministration, *P = 0.0187, log-rank test against mock-fed (V). V: n = 37, N = 6; V + L, coadmin: n = 39, N = 6; V + L, preadmin: n = 19, N = 6. (C) Effect of L. lactis intervention on V. cholerae colonization in the infant mouse gut. (C) Left: V. cholerae intestinal colonization at 26 hours after infection. Right: V. cholerae burden in mice that died from cholera and in mice that survived the infection by 42 hours after infection. Each data point represents an individual mouse. Horizontal lines are medians. P values from Mann-Whitney test (n = 7, N = 7 for nontreated/treated; n = 11, N = 7 for dead versus survived, respectively). Data correspond to coadministration regimen. (D) Intestinal lactate concentration in L. lactis–treated and mock-treated infant mice at 26 hours after infection. Mann-Whitney test (n = 7, N = 7). Data correspond to coadministration regimen. (E) Effects of lactate dehydrogenase mutant (Δldh) and plasmid-complemented lactate dehydrogenase (Δldh pLDH) L. lactis strains on infant mouse survival to cholera infection. Functional knockout of lactate dehydrogenase compromises the protective effect against cholera (n = 20, N = 6). ns, not significant by log-rank test compared to mock treatment (V). Complementation with a plasmid-based ldh restores the protective effect (*P = 0.0349, log-rank test; n = 9, N = 3). (F) Effect of treatment with heat-inactivated L. lactis on infant mice survival to cholera infection. n = 10, N = 3. n, number of individual mice; N, number of litters covered in each group. Ning Mao et al., Sci Transl Med 2018;10:eaao2586 Published by AAAS