Increased intracerebral excitatory amino acids and nitric oxide after hypothermic circulatory arrest Elaine E Tseng, MD, Malcolm V Brock, MD, Christopher.

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Increased intracerebral excitatory amino acids and nitric oxide after hypothermic circulatory arrest Elaine E Tseng, MD, Malcolm V Brock, MD, Christopher C Kwon, MS, Madhu Annanata, MS, Mary S Lange, MA, Juan C Troncoso, MD, Michael V Johnston, MD, William A Baumgartner, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 67, Issue 2, Pages 371-376 (February 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8

Fig 1 Tympanic membrane temperatures in degrees centigrade over time. All figure error bars represent standard deviation of the population. (CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; HCA = hypothermic circulatory arrest.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 2 Mean arterial pressures (MAP) in mm Hg during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), reperfusion CPB, and recovery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 3 Cardiac output (CO), L/minute, at baseline and during recovery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 4 Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), reperfusion, and recovery. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 5 Intracerebral glutamate concentrations (micromoles) increased during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), reperfusion cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and 2 to 8 hours after HCA. ∗p < 0.05. All amino acid concentrations have n = 10 for arrest, reperfusion CPB, and 2–8 hours after HCA, except for 8 to 20 hours after HCA has n = 5, because five dogs were sacrificed at 8 hours after HCA. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 6 Intracerebral glycine levels (micromoles) increased during arrest, reperfusion cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and 2 to 8 hours after hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). ∗p < 0.05. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 7 Intracerebral aspartate levels (micromoles) increased during arrest and 8 to 20 hours after hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). ∗p < 0.05. (CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)

Fig 8 Citrulline and nitric oxide were produced significantly during arrest, reperfusion cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and 2 to 8 hours after hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). ∗p < 0.05. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 67, 371-376DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00033-8)